Metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists

ABSTRACT

The present invention concerns compounds of formula. In a preferable embodiment, X represents O; R 1  represents C 1-4 alkyl; cycloC 3-12 alkyl or (cycloC 3-12 alkyl)C 1-6 alkyl, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C 1-6 alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC 3-12 alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C 1-6 alkyloxy, aryl, halo or thienyl; R 2  represents hydrogen; halo; C 1-6 alkyl or amino; R 3  and R 4  each independently represent hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; or R 2  and R 3  may be taken together to form —R 2 —R 3 —, which represents a bivalent radical of formula -Z 4 -CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 — or -Z 4 -CH 2 —CH 2 — with Z 4  being O or NR 11  wherein R 11  is C 1-6 alkyl; and wherein each bivalent radical is optionally substituted with C 1-6 alkyl; or R 3  and R 4  may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —; R 5  represents hydrogen; Y represents O; and aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted with halo. The invention also relates to the use of a compound according to the invention as a medicament and in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing glutamate-induced diseases of the central nervous system, as well as formulations comprising such a compound and processes for preparing such a compound.

The present invention is concerned with quinoline and quinolinone derivatives showing metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonistic activity and their preparation; it further relates to compositions comprising them, as well as their use as a medicine.

The neurotransmitter glutamate is considered to be the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. The binding of this neurotransmitter to metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are a subfamily of the G-protein-coupled receptors and which comprise 8 distinct subtypes of mGluRs, namely mGluR1 through mGluR8, activates a variety of intracellular second messenger systems. The mGluRs can be divided into 3 groups based on amino acid sequence homology, the second messenger system utilized by the receptors and the pharmacological characteristics. Group I mGluRs, which comprises mGluR subtype 1 and 5, couple to phospholipase C and their activation leads to intracellular calcium-ion mobilization. Group II mGluRs (mGluR2 and 3) and group III mGluRs (mGluR4, 6, 7 and 8) couple to adenyl cyclase and their activation causes a reduction in second messenger cAMP and as such a dampening of the neuronal activity. Treatment with Group I mGluR antagonists has been shown to translate in the presynapse into a reduced release of neurotransmitter glutamate and to decrease the glutamate-mediated neuronal excitation via postsynaptic mechanisms. Since a variety of pathophysiological processes and disease states affecting the central nervous system are thought to be due to excessive glutamate induced excitation of the central nervous system neurons, Group I mGluR antagonists could be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of central nervous sytem diseases.

WO 99/26927 discloses antagonists of Group I mGlu receptors for treating neurological diseases and disorders, based—among others—on a quinoline structure.

WO 99/03822 discloses bicyclic metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands, none of them based on a quinoline or quinolinone structure.

The present invention concerns compounds of formula

an N-oxide form, a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, a quatenary amine and a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein

-   X represents O; C(R⁶)₂ with R⁶ being hydrogen, aryl or C₁₋₆alkyl     optionally substituted with amino or mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; S     or N—R⁷ with R⁷ being amino or hydroxy, -   R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl; aryl; thienyl; quinolinyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl     or (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety     optionally may contain a double bond and wherein one carbon atom in     the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety may be replaced by an oxygen atom or an     NR⁸-moiety with R⁸ being hydrogen, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl;     wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a     cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyl,     hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy,     C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, halo, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl,     amino, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylamino, halo,     piperazinyl, pyridinyl, morpholinyl, thienyl or a bivalent radical     of formula —O—, —O—CH₂—O or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—;     -   or a radical of formula (a-1)     -   wherein Z₁ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂;         -   Z₂ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂;         -   n is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3;         -   and wherein each hydrogen atom in the phenyl ring             independently may optionally be replaced by halo, hydroxy,             C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl; -   or X and R¹ may be taken together with the carbon atom to which X     and R¹ are attached to form a radical of formula (b-1), (b2) or     (b-3); -   R² represents hydrogen; halo; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy;     C₁₋₆alkylthio; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl;     C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl;     C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl;     amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkyl;     arylC₂₋₆alkynyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkylaminoC₁₋₆alkyl; aminocarbonyl     optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl,     C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or pyridinylC₁₋₆alkyl; a heterocycle     selected from thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl,     imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl,     pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl and piperazinyl, optionally     N-substituted with C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, morpholinyl,     thiomorpholinyl, dioxanyl or dithianyl;     -   a radical —NH—C(═O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl optionally         substituted with cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,         C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, thienyl, pyridinyl, mono-         or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkylthio, benzylthio, pyridinylthio         or pyrimidinylthio; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl; cyclohexenyl; amino;         arylcycloC₃₋₁₂alkylamino; mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl )amino; mono- or         di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or         di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl)amino; mono-or di(C₂₋₆alkenyl)amino;         mono- or di(arylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or diarylamino;         arylC₂₋₆alkenyl; furanylC₂₋₆alkenyl; piperididinyl; piperazinyl;         indolyl; furyl; benzofuryl; terahydrofuryl; indenyl; adamantyl;         pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkylthio or a radical of         formula (a-1);     -   a sulfonamid —NH—SO₂—R¹⁰ wherein R¹⁰ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, mono-         or poly haloC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₂₋₆alkenyl, aryl,         quinolinyl, isoxazolyl or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represent hydrogen; halo; hydroxy;     cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl;     C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl;     hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl;     tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino;     mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; morpholinylC₁₋₆alkyl or     piperidinylC₁₋₆alkyl; or -   R² and R³ may be taken together to form —R²—R³—, which represents a     bivalent radical of formula —CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, —(CH₂)₆—,     —C═CH—CH═CH—, -Z₄-CH═CH—, —CH═CH—Z₄-, -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—,     —CH₂-Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-, -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—,     —CH₂-Z₄-CH₂— or —CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-, with Z₄ being O, S, SO₂ or NR¹¹     wherein R¹¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl;     and wherein each bivalent radical is optionally substituted with     C₁₋₆alkyl. -   or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of     formula     —CH═CH—CH═CH— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; -   R⁵ represents hydrogen; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl; piperidinyl; oxo-thienyl;     tetrahydrothienyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl;     C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted     with a radical C(═O)NR_(x)R_(y), in which R_(x) and R_(y), each     independently are hydrogen, cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl or     C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,     C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, furanyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzylthio, pyridinyl,     pyrrolyl or thienyl; -   Y represents O or S; -   or Y and R⁵ may be taken together to form ═Y—R⁵— which represents a     radical of formula     —CH═N—N═  (c-1);     —N═N—N═  (c-2); or     —N—CH═CH—  (c-3); -   aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one     or more substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl,     C₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenyloxy, nitro, amino, thio, C₁₋₆alkylthio,     haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyloxy,     hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano,     —CO—R¹², —CO—OR¹³, —NR¹³ SO₂R¹², —SO₂—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NR¹³C(O)R¹²,     —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —SOR¹², —SO₂R₁₂; wherein each R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴     independently represent C₁₋₆alkyl; cycloC₃₋₆alkyl; phenyl; phenyl     substituted with halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,     haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl,     imidazolyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl;     and when the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to another position than the     7 or 8 position, then said 7 and 8 position may be substituted with     R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ wherein either one or both of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ represents     C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ taken together may form a     bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH—.

As used in the foregoing definitions and hereinafter C₁₋₆alkyl as a group or part of a group encompasses the straight and branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl as a group or part of a group encompasses the straight and branched chain hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having a double bond such as ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, 3-methylbutenyl and the like; C₂₋₆alkynyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having a triple bond such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, 3-methylbutynyl and the like; cycloC₃₋₆alkyl encompasses monocyclic alkyl ring structures such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl encompasses mono-, bi- or tricyclic alkyl ring structures and is generic to for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornanyl, adamantyl.

The term halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. As used in the foregoing and hereinafter, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl as a group or part of a group is defined as mono- or polyhalosubstituted C₁₋₆alkyl, in particular methyl with one or more fluoro atoms, for example, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl. In case more than one halogen atoms are attached to an alkyl group within the definition of polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, they may be the same or different.

When any variable, e.g. aryl, occurs more than one time in any constituent, each definition is independent.

When any bond is drawn into a ring structure, it means that the corresponding substituent may be linked to any atom of said ring structure. This means for instance that the R¹—C(═X) moiety may be linked to the quinoline or quinolinone moiety in position 5, 6, 7, 8 but also position 3 or position 4.

For therapeutic use, salts of the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) are those wherein the counterion is pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of acids and bases which are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound. AD salts, whether pharmaceutically acceptable or not are included within the ambit of the present invention.

The pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid addition salt forms which the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) are able to form. The latter can conveniently be obtained by treating the base form with such appropriate acids as inorganic acids, for example, hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic and the like; sulfuric acid; nitric acid; phosphoric acid and the like; or organic acids, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, 2-hydroxypropanoic, 2oxopropanoic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, 4methylbenzenesulfonic, cyclohexanesulfamic, 2-hydroxybenzoic, 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic and the like acids. Conversely the salt form can be converted by treatment with alkali into the free base form.

The compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) containing acidic protons may be converted into their therapeutically active non-toxic metal or amine addition salt forms by treatment with appropriate organic and inorganic bases. Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, the four butylamine isomers, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diethanolamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, quinuclidine, pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline, the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like. Conversely the salt form can be converted by treatment with acid into the free acid form.

The term addition salt also comprises the hydrates and solvent addition forms which the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) are able to form. Examples of such forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and the like.

The term “quaternary amine” as used hereinbefore defines the quaternary ammonium salts which the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) are able to form by reaction between a basic nitrogen of a compound of formula (I-A) or (I-B) and an appropriate quaternizing agent, such as, for example, an optionally substituted alkylhalide, arylhalide or arylalkylhalide, e.g. methyliodide or benzyliodide. Other reactants with good leaving groups may also be used, such as alkyl trifluoromethanesulfonates, alkyl methanesulfonates, and alkyl p-toluenesulfonates. A quaternary amine has a positively charged nitrogen. Pharmaceutically acceptable counterions include chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoroacetate and acetate. The counterion of choice can be introduced using ion exchange resins.

It will be appreciated that some of the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) and their N-oxides, salts, quaternary amines and stereochemically isomeric forms may contain one or more centers of chirality and exist as stereochemically isomeric forms.

The term “stereochemically isomeric forms” as used hereinbefore defines all the possible stereoisomeric forms which the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B), and their N-oxides, salts, quaternary amines or physiologically functional derivatives may possess. Unless otherwise mentioned or indicated, the chemical designation of compounds denotes the mixture of all possible stereoisomeric forms, said mixtures containing all diastereomers and enantiomers of the basic molecular structure as well as each of the individual isomeric forms of formula (I-A) and (I-B) and their N-oxides, salts, solvates or quaternary amines substantially free, i.e. associated with less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, in particular less than 2% and most preferably less than 1% of the other isomers. Stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) are obviously intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention. The same applies to the intermediates as described herein, used to prepare end products of formula (I-A) and (I-B).

The terms cis and trans are used herein in accordance with Chemical Abstracts nomenclature.

In some compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) and in the intermediates used in their preparation, the absolute stereochemical configuration has not been determined. In these cases, the stereoisomeric form which was first isolated is designated as “A” and the second as “B”, without further reference to the actual stereochemical configuration. However, said “A” and “B” stereoisomeric forms can be unambiguously characterized by physicochemical characteristics such as their optical rotation in case “A” and “B” have an enantiomeric relationship. A person skilled in the art is able to determine the absolute configuration of such compounds using art-known methods such as, for example, X-ray diffraction. In case “A” and “B” are stereoisomeric mixtures, they can be further separated whereby the respective first fractions isolated are designated “A1” and “B1” and the second as “A2” and “B2”, without further reference to the actual stereochemical configuration.

The N-oxide forms of the present compounds are meant to comprise the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) wherein one or several nitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so called N-oxide.

Some of the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) may also exist in their tautomeric form. Such forms although not explicitly indicated in the above formula are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Whenever used hereinafter, the term “compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B)” is meant to also include their N-oxide forms, their salts, their quaternary amines and their stereochemically isomeric forms. Of special interest are those compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) which are stereochemically pure.

An interesting group of compounds are those compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) wherein

-   X represents O; C(R⁶)₂ with R⁶ being hydrogen or aryl; or N—R⁷ with     R⁷ being amino or hydroxy; -   R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, aryl; thienyl; quinolinyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl     or (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety     optionally may contain a double bond and wherein one carbon atom in     the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety may be replaced by an oxygen atom or an     NR⁸-moiety with R⁸ being benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; wherein one     or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a     cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyl,     haloC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆allyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, halo, aryl,     mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylamino, halo,     piperazinyl, pyridinyl, morpholinyl, thienyl or a bivalent radical     of formula —O— or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—; or a radical of formula (a-1)     -   wherein Z₁ is a single covalent bond, O or CH₂;         -   Z₂ is a single covalent bond, O or CH₂;         -   n is an integer of 0, 1, or 2;         -   and wherein each hydrogen atom in the phenyl ring             independently may optionally be replaced by halo or hydroxy; -    or X and R¹ may be taken together with the carbon atom to which X     and R¹ are attached to form a radical of formula (b-1), (b2) or     (b-3); -   R² represents hydrogen; halo; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy,     C₁₋₆alkylthio; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl;     hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl;     tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino;     mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkyl;     arylC₂₋₆alkynyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkylaminoC₁₋₆alkyl; aminocarbonyl     optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl; a     heterocycle selected from thienyl, furanyl, thiazolyl and     piperidinyl, optionally N-substituted with morpholinyl or     thiomorpholinyl; a radical —NH—C(═O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ represents     C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,     C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, thienyl, pyridinyl, mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkylthio, benzylthio, pyridinylthio or     pyrimidinylthio; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl; cyclohexenyl; amino;     arylcycloC₃₋₁₂alkylamino; mono-or-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or     di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl)amino; mono-or di(C₂₋₆alkenyl)amino; mono-     or di(arylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or diarylamino; arylC₂₋₆alkenyl;     furanylC₂₋₆alkenyl; piperididinyl; piperazinyl; indolyl; furyl;     benzofuryl; tetrahydrofuryl; indenyl; adamantyl; pyridinyl;     pyrazinyl; aryl or a radical of formula (a-1); a sulfonamid     —NH—SO₂—R¹⁰ wherein R¹⁰ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, mono- or poly     haloC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₆alkyl or aryl; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl;     C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; -   C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; or -   R²and R³ may be taken together to form —R²—R³—, which represents a     bivalent radical of formula —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, -Z₄-CH═CH—,     -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— or -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—, with Z₄ being O, S, SO₂ or NR¹¹     wherein R¹¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl;     and wherein each bivalent radical is optionally substituted with     C₁₋₆alkyl; -   or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of     formula     —CH═CH—CH═CH— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; -   R⁵ represents hydrogen; piperidinyl; oxo-thienyl; tetrahydrothienyl,     arylC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally     substituted with a radical C(═O)NR_(x)R_(y), in which R_(x) and     R_(y), each independently are hydrogen, cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl     or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or     C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; -   Y represents O or S; -   or Y and R⁵ may be taken together to form ═Y—R⁵— which represents a     radical of formula     —CH═N—N═  (c-1); or     —N═N—N═  (c-2); -   aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one     or more substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenyloxy,     mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino and cyano;     and when the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to another position than the     7 or 8 position, then said 7 and 8 position may be substituted with     R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ wherein either one or both of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ represents     C₁₋₆alkyl or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ taken together may form a bivalent radical     of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH—.

A further most interesting group of compounds comprises those compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) wherein X represents O;

-   R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl or     (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a     C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be     replaced by C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, halo or thienyl; -   R² represents hydrogen; halo; C₁₋₆alkyl or amino; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represent hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl; or -   R² and R³ may be taken together to form —R²—R³—, which represents a     bivalent radical of formula -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— or -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂— with Z₄     being O or NR¹¹ wherein R¹¹ is C₁₋₆alkyl; and wherein each bivalent     radical is optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl; -    or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of     formula —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; -   R⁵ represents hydrogen; -   Y represents O; and -   aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted with halo.

A further interesting group of compounds comprises those compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) wherein the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to the quinoline or quinolinone moiety in position 6.

In order to simplify the structural representation of some of the present compounds and intermediates in the following preparation procedures, the quinoline or the quinolinone moiety will hereinafter be represented by the symbol Q.

The compounds of formula (I-A) or (I-B), wherein X represents O, said compounds being represented by formula (I_(A/B)-a), can be prepared by oxidizing an intermediate of formula (II) in the presence of a suitable oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate, and a suitable phase-transfer catalyst, such as tris(dioxa-3,6-heptyl)amine, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example dichloromethane.

Compounds of formula (I_(A/B)-a) may also be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (III) with an intermediate of formula (IV), wherein W₁ represents a halo atom, e.g. bromo, in the presence of butyl lithium and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (I_(A/B)-a) may also be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (V) with an intermediate of formula (IV) in the presence of butyl lithium and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran.

Compounds of formula (I_(A/B)-a), wherein the R¹ substituent is linked to the carbonyl moiety via an oxygen atom, said R¹ substituent being represented by O—R^(1a) and said compounds by formula (I_(A/B)-a-1), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (VI) with an intermediate of formula (VII) in the presence of a suitable acid, such as sulfuric acid.

Compounds of formula (I-A), wherein R² represents methylcarbonyl, said compounds being represented by formula (I-A-1), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (VIII) in the presence of a suitable acid, such as hydrochloric acid, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran.

The compounds of formula (I) may also be converted into each other following art-known transformations.

Compounds of formula (I-A) wherein R² is a halo atom, such as chloro, can be converted into a compound of formula (I-A), wherein R² is another halo atom, such as fluoro or iodo, by reaction with a suitable halogenating agent, such as for example potassium fluoride or sodium iodide, in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile and optionally in the presence of acetyl chloride.

Compounds of formula (I-A), wherein R² is a suitable leaving group, such as a halo atom, e.g. chloro, iodo, said leaving group being represented by W² and said compounds by (I-A-2), can be converted into a compound of formula (I-A) wherein R² is cyano, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-3), by reaction with a suitable cyano-introducing agent, such as for example trimethylsilanecarbonitrile, in the presence of a suitable base such as N,N-diethylethanamine and a suitable catalyst, such as for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-A4) by reaction with C₂₋₆alkynyltri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silane in the presence of CuI, an appropriate base, such as for example N,N-ethylethanamine, and an appropriate catalyst, such as for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Compounds of formula (I-A4) can on their turn be converted into a compound of formula (I-A-5) by reaction with potassium fluoride in the presence of a suitable acid such as acetic acid, or by reaction with a suitable base, such as potassium hydroxide, in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g. methanol and the like.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-A6) by reaction with an intermediate of formula (IX) in the presence of CuI, a suitable base, such as for example N,N-diethylethanamine, and a suitable catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound wherein R² is C₁₋₆alkyl, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-8) in the presence of a suitable alkylating agent, such as for example Sn(C₁₋₆alkyl)₄, or into a compound wherein R² is C₂₋₆alkenyl, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-9) in the presence of a suitable alkenylating agent, such as for example Sn(C₂₋₆alkenyl)(C₁₋₆alkyl)₃, both reactions in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and a reaction-inert solvent, such as for example toluene or dioxane.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-A-7) wherein Z represents O or S, by reaction with an intermediate of formula (X) optionally in the presence of a suitable base such as dipotassium carbonate and a reaction-inert solvent, such as N,N-dimethyl formamide.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-A), wherein R² is C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-10) and a compound of formula (I-A), wherein R² is hydrogen, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-11), by reaction with a suitable alcohol of formula

C₁₋₆alkylOH and CO in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as for example palladium(II)acetate, triphenylphosphine, a suitable base such as dipotassium carbonate and a reaction-inert solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide.

Compounds of formula (I-A-11) can also be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (I-A-2) with Zn in the presence of a suitable acid such as acetic acid.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-A), wherein R² is aminocarbonyl substituted with C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-12), by reaction with an intermediate of formula H₂N—C₁₋₆alkyl-C(═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl in the presence of CO, a suitable catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, a suitable base, such as for example N,N-diethylethanamine, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example toluene.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-A) wherein R² is aryl or a heterocycle selected from the group described in the definition of R² hereinabove, said R² being represented by R^(2a) and said compound by formula (I-A-13) by reaction with an intermediate of formula (XI), (XII) or (XIII) in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example dioxane.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-B), wherein Y and R⁵ are taken together to form a radical of formula (b-1) or (b-2), said compound being represented by formula (I-B-1) or (I-B-2), by reaction with hydrazincarboxaldehyde or sodium azide in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g. butanol, or N,N-diethylformamide.

Compounds of formula (I-A-11) can be converted into the corresponding N-oxide, represented by formula (I-A-14), by reaction with a suitable peroxide, such as 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example methylene chloride. Said compound of formula (I-A-14) can further be converted into a compound of formula (I-B), wherein R⁵ is hydrogen, said compound being represented by formula (I-B-3), by reaction with 4-methyl-benzene sulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base, such as for example dipotassium carbonate and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example methylene chloride.

Compounds of formula (I-B-3) can also be prepared from a compound of formula (I-A), wherein R² is C₁₋₆alkyloxy, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-15), by reaction with a suitable acid, such as hydrochloric acid, in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran.

Compounds of formula (I-B-3) can be converted into a compound of formula (I-B), wherein R⁵ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, said compound being represented by formula (I-B4), by reaction with an appropriate alkylating agent, such as for example an intermediate of formula (XIV), wherein W₃ represents a suitable leaving group such as a halo atom e.g. iodo, in the presence of potassium tert. butoxide and in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran.

Compounds of formula (I-B-3) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-B), wherein R⁵ is C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or arylC₁₋₆alkyl, said R⁵ being represented by R^(5a) and said compound being represented by formula (I-B-5), by reaction with an intermediate of formula (XV), wherein W₄ represents a suitable leaving group, such as a halo atom, e.g. bromo, chloro and the like, in the presence of a suitable base, such as for example sodium hydride and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example N,N-dimethylformamide.

Compounds of formula (I-A-2) can also be converted into a compound of formula (I-B), wherein R⁵ is hydrogen and Y is S, said compound being represented by formula (I-B-6), by reaction with H₂N—C(═S)—NH₂ in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium hydroxide, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, for example ethanol, or water. Compounds of formula (I-B-6) can further be converted into a compound of formula (I-A), wherein R² is C₁₋₆alkylthio, said compound being represented by formula (I-A-16), by reaction with a suitable C₁₋₆alkylhalide, such as for example C₁₋₆alkyliodide, in the presence of a suitable base, such as dipotassium carbonate, and a suitable solvent, such as for example acetone.

Compounds of formula (I_(A/B)-a) can be converted into a compounds of formula (I-A) or (I-B), wherein X is N—R⁷, said compound being represented by formula (I_(A/B)-b), by reaction with an intermediate of formula (XVI), optionally in the presence of a suitable base, such as for example N,N-diethylethanamine, and in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g. ethanol.

As already indicated in the preparation procedure of compounds of formula (I-A-13) described above, the compounds of formula (I) may also be converted to the corresponding N-oxide forms following art-known procedures for converting a trivalent nitrogen into its N-oxide form. Said N-oxidation reaction may generally be carried out by reacting the starting material of formula (I) with an appropriate organic or inorganic peroxide. Appropriate inorganic peroxides comprise, for example, hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal or earth alkaline metal peroxides, e.g. sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide; appropriate organic peroxides may comprise peroxy acids such as, for example, benzenecarboperoxoic acid or halo substituted benzenecarboperoxoic acid, e.g. 3-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid, peroxoalkanoic acids, e.g. peroxoacetic acid, allylhydroperoxides, e.g. tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Suitable solvents are, for example, water, lower alkanols, e.g. ethanol and the like, hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, ketones, e.g. 2-butanone, halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. dichloromethane, and mixtures of such solvents.

Some of the intermediates and starting materials used in the above reaction procedures are commercially available, or may be synthesized according to procedures already described in the literature.

Intermediates of formula (II) may be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XVII) with an intermediate of formula (XVIII), wherein W₅ represents a suitable leaving group such as a halo atom, e.g. chloro, bromo and the like, in the presence of magnesium, diethylether and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as diethylether.

Intermediates of formula (XVII) may be prepared by oxidizing an intermediate of formula (XIX) in the presence of a suitable oxidizing agent, such as MnO₂, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as methylene chloride.

Intermediates of formula (XIX) can be prepared by reducing an intermediate of formula (XX) in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as lithium aluminium hydride, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran.

Intermediates of formula (XX), wherein Q represents a quinoline moiety optionally substituted in position 3 with C₁₋₆alkyl and wherein the carbonyl moiety is placed in position 6, said intermediates being represented by formula (XX-a), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXI) with an intermediate of formula (XXII) in the presence of sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate, a suitable acid, such as sulfuric acid, and a suitable alcohol, e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and the like.

Alternatively, intermediates of formula (II) can also be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXIII) with an intermediate of formula (XXIV), wherein W₆ is a suitable leaving group, such as a halo atom, e.g. bromo, chloro and the like, in the presence of a suitable agent, such as butyl lithium and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran.

Intermediates of formula (XXIII) can be prepared by oxidizing an intermediate of formula (XXV) using the Moffatt Pfitzner or Swern oxidation (dimethylsulfoxide adducts with dehydrating agents e.g. DCC, Ac₂O, SO₃, P₄O₁₀, COCl₂ or Cl—CO—COCl) in an inert solvent such as methylene chloride.

Intermediates of formula (XXV) can be prepared by reducing an intermediate of formula (XXVI) in the presence of a suitable reducing agent, such as for example lithium aluminium hydride and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as benzene.

Intermediates of formula (XXVI) can be prepared from an intermediate of formula (XXVII) by esterification in the presence of a suitable alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and he like, and a suitable acid, such as sulfuric acid.

Intermediates of formula (XXVII), wherein R¹ represents a radical of formula (a-1) with Z₁, being O, Z₂ being CH₂ and n being 1, said intermediates being represented by formula (XXVII-a), can be prepared by reducing an intermediate of formula (XXVIII) in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as hydrogen, and a suitable catalyst, such as palladium on charcoal, and a suitable acid such as acetic acid. When R¹ of intermediate (XXVII) represents an optionally substituted phenyl moiety, it can also be converted into an optionally substituted cyclohexyl moiety by reduction in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as rhodium on Al₂O₃, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran.

Intermediates of formula (IV), wherein Q represents a quinoline moiety substituted in position 2 with halo,e.g. chloro, said intermediates being represented by formula (IV-a), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (IV), wherein Q represents a quinolinone moiety with R⁵ being hydrogen, said intermediate being represented by formula (IV-b), in the presence of POCl₃.

Intermediates of formula (IV-a), wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, said intermediates being represented by formula (IV-a-1), can also be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXIX) with POCl₃ in the presence of N,N-diethylformamide (Vilsmeier-Haack formylation followed by cyclization).

Intermediates of formula (X) may be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXX) with an intermediate of formula (XXXI), wherein W₇ represents a suitable leaving group, such as a halo atom, e.g. chloro, in the presence of a suitable base, such as for example N,N-diethylethanamine, and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as methylene chloride.

Intermediates of formula (IV-a) can be converted into an intermediate of formula (IV-c) by reaction with an intermediate of formula (XXXII) in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g. methanol and the like.

Intermediates of formula (IV-a) can also be converted into an intermediate of formula (IV-d-1) by reaction with a suitable amine of formula (XXXIII-a), wherein Z₃ and Z₄ each independently represent hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl or into an intermediate of formula (IV-d-2) by reaction with a suitable amine of formula (XXXIII-b), wherein Z₃ and Z₄ are taken together to form a heterocycle as defined hereinabove in the definition of R² provided that the heterocycle comprises at least one nitrogen atom, in the presence of a suitable base, such as for example dipotassium carbonate, and a reaction-inert solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide.

Intermediates of formula (IV-a), wherein R³ represents CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—Cl, said intermediates being represented by formula (IV-a-2), can also be converted into an intermediate of formula (IV), wherein R² and R³ are taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, said intermediate being represented by formula (IV-e-1), by reaction with a suitable acid, such as hydrochloric acid and the like. Intermediates of formula (IV-a-2) can also be converted into an intermediate of formula (IV), wherein R² and R³ are taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —S—CH₂—CH₂CH₂—, said intermediate being represented by formula (IV-e-2), by reaction with H₂N—C(═S)—NH₂ in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g. ethanol.

Intermediates of formula (V) may be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXVII) with an intermediate of formula CH₃—NH—O—CH₃ in the presence of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as methylene chloride.

Intermediates of formula (VII), wherein Q represents a quinoline moiety, in particular a quinoline moiety wherein R² is ethyl, R³ is methyl and R⁴ is hydrogen, and the carboxyl moiety is placed in position 6, said intermediates being represented by formula (VII-a), can be prepared by reaction an intermediate of formula (XXXIV) in the presence of a suitable aldehyde, such as CH₃—CH₂—CH(═O), (CH₂O)_(n), ZnCl₂, FeCl₃ and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as an alcohol, for example ethanol.

Intermediates of formula (VIII) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXXV) with an intermediate of formula (XXXVI) in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example dioxane.

Still some other preparations can be devised, some of them are disclosed further in this application with the Examples.

Pure stereoisomeric forms of the compounds and the intermediates of this invention may be obtained by the application of art-known procedures. Diastereomers may be separated by physical separation methods such as selective crystallization and chromatographic techniques, e.g. liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phases. Enantiomers may be separated from each other by the selective crystallization of their diastereomeric salts with optically active acids. Alternatively, enantiomers may be separated by chromato-graphic techniques using chiral stationary phases. Said pure stereoisomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereoisomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereo-selectively or stereospecifically. Preferably, if a specific stereoisomer is desired, said compound will be synthesized by stereoselective or stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ chirally pure starting materials. Stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) are obviously intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

A stereoisomer of a compound of formula (I-A) or (I-B) such as a cis form, may be converted into another stereoisomer such as the corresponding trans form by reacting the compound with a suitable acid, such as hydrochloric acid, in the presence of a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example tetrahydrofuran.

The compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B), the N-oxides, the pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts, the quaternary amines and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof show mGluR antagonistic activity, more in particular Group I mGluR antagonistic activity. The Group I mGluR specifically antagonized by the present compounds is the mGluR1.

The mGluR1 antagonistic activity of the present compounds can be demonstrated in the Signal transduction on cloned rat mGluR1 in CHO cells test and the Cold allodynia test in rats with a Bennett ligation, as described hereinafter.

Due to their mGluR antagonistic activity, more in particular their Group I mGluR antagonistic activity and even more in particular, their mGluR1 antagonistic activity, the compounds of formula (I-A) or (I-B), their N-oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts, quaternary amines and stereochemically isomeric forms are useful in the treatment or prevention of glutamate-induced diseases of the central nervous sytem. Diseases in which a role for glutamate has been demonstrated include drug addiction or abstinence (dependence, opioid tolerance, opioid withdrawal), hypoxic, anoxic and ischemic injuries (ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest), pain (neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, hyperalgesia), hypoglycemia, diseases related to neuronal damage, brain trauma, head trauma, spinal cord injury, myelopathy, dementia, anxiety, schizophrenia, depression, impaired cognition, amnesia, bipolar disorders, conduct disorders, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mixed (Alzheimer's and vascular) dementia, Lewy Body disease, delirium or confusion, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Down syndrome, epilepsy, aging, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and AIDS related complex (ARC).

In view of the utility of the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B), there is provided a method of treating warm-blooded animals, including humans, suffering from glutamate-induced diseases of the central nervous system. Said method comprises the administration, preferably oral administration, of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I-A) or (I-B), a N-oxide form, a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, a quaternary amine or a possible stereoisomeric form thereof, to warm-blooded animals, including humans.

In view of the above described pharmacological properties, the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) or any subgroup thereof, their N-oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts, quaternary amines and stereochemically isomeric forms, may be used as a medicine. In particular, the use of a compound of formula (I-A) and (I-B) in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing glutamate-induced diseases of the central nervous system is provided. More in particular, the present compounds may be used as neuroprotectants, analgesics or anticonvulstants.

The present invention also provides compositions for treating or preventing glutamate-induced diseases of the central nervous system comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I-A) or (I-B) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

Therefore, the compounds of the present invention or any subgroup thereof may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes. As appropriate compositions there may be cited all compositions usually employed for systemically administering drugs. To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, a therapeutically effective amount of a particular compound, in base or addition salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration. These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably in unitary dosage form suitable, preferably, for administration orally, rectally, topically, percutaneously or by parenteral injection. For example, in preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, emulsions, elixirs and solutions: or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. For parenteral compositions, the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, for example, to aid solubility, may be included. Injectable solutions, for example, may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations. As appropriate compositions for topical application there may be cited all compositions usually employed for topically administering drugs e.g. creams, gel, dressings, shampoos, tinctures, pastes, ointments, salves, powders and the like. In the compositions suitable for percutaneous administration, the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not cause a significant deleterious effect to the skin. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skin and/or may be helpful for preparing the desired compositions. These compositions may be administered in various ways, e.g., as a transdermal patch, as a spot, as an ointment.

It is especially advantageous to formulate the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Unit dosage form as used in the specification and claims herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Examples of such unit dosage forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, suppositories, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.

The therapeutically effective dose or frequency of administration depends on the particular compound of formula (I-A) or (I-B) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated the age, weight, sex, fed or fasted state, and the general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is evident that said therapeutically effective dose or the effective daily dose may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention.

EXPERIMENTAL PART

Hereinafter, “DMF” is defined as N,N-dimethylformamide, “DIPE” is defined as diisopropylether, “MSO” is defined as dimethylsulfoxide, “BHT” is defined as 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, and “THF” is defined as tetrahydrofuran.

Preparation of the Intermediates

Example A1

Preparation of

A mixture of 4-(1-methylethoxy)benzoic acid (0.083 mol) and Rh/Al₂O₃ 5% (10 g) in THF (220 ml) was hydrogenated at 50° C. (under 3 bar pressure of H₂) for 1 night The mixture was filtered over celite, washed with THF and evaporated. Yield: 16 g of intermediate 1 (100%).

Example A2

Preparation of 2-ethyl-3-methyl6-quinolinecarboxylic acid (interm. 2)

A mixture of 4-aminobenzoic acid (0.299 mol) in ethanol (250 ml) was stirred at room temperature. ZnCl₂ (0.0367 mol) and (CH₂O)_(n) (10 g) were added. FeCl₃.6H₂O (0.5 mol) was added portionwise and the temperature rised till 60-65° C. Propanal (30 ml) was added dropwise over a 2 hours period. The mixture was refluxed for 2 hours and kept at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was poured into water and filtered through celite. The filtrate was acidified till pH=7 with HCl 6N and the mixture was evaporated till dryness. The residue was used without further purification. Yield: 56.1 g of 2-ethyl-3-methyl-6-quinolinecarboxylic acid (interm. 2).

Example A3

Preparation of

Pentanoyl chloride (0.2784 mol) was added at 5° C. to a mixture of 4-bromobenzenamine (0.232 mol) and N,N-ethylethanamine (0.2784 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (400 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured out into water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, washed with a concentrated NH₄OH solution and water, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (60 g) was crystallized from diethylether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. The residue (35 g, 63%) was taken up in CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, washed with a 10% K₂CO₃ solution, washed with water, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporate Yield: 30 g of intermediate (3) (54%).

EXAMPLE A4

Preparation of

A mixture of 6-bromo-2(1H)quinolinone (0.089 mol) in POCl₃ (55 ml) was stirred at 60° C. overnight, then at 100° C. for 3 hours and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was taken up in CH₂Cl₂, poured out into ice water, basified with NH₄OH conc., filtered over celite and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yield. 14.5 g of intermediate (4) (67%).

EXAMPLE A5

a) Preparation of

DMF (37 ml) was added dropwise at 10° C. under N₂ flow to POCl₃ (108 ml). After complete addition, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. N-(4bromophenyl)butanamide (0.33 mol) was added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at 85° C. overnight, then allowed to cool to room temperature and poured out on ice (exothermic reaction). The precipitate was filtered off, washed with a small amount of water and dried (vacuum). The residue was washed with EtOAc/diethyl ether and dried. Yield: 44.2 g of intermediate (5) (50%).

b) Preparation of

A mixture of intermediate (5) (0.162 mol) in methanol (600 ml), and a solution of methanol sodium salt in methanol at 35% (154 ml) was stirred and refluxed overnight. The mixture was poured out on ice. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with a small amount of water and taken up in CH₂Cl₂, K₂CO₃ 10% was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 31.9 g of intermediate (6) (74%).

EXAMPLE A6

Preparation of

1,1′-Carbonylbis-1H-imidazole (0.074 mol) was added portionwise to a mixture of 4-methoxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid (0.063 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (200 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Then N-methoxymethanamine (0.074 mol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured out into H₂O and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, washed several times with H₂O, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 12.6 g of interm. 7.

EXAMPLE A7

a) A mixture of 6-fluoro-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid (0.30 mol) in acetic acid (400 ml) was hydrogenated with Pd/C (3 g) as a catalyst. After uptake of H₂ (3 equiv), the catalyst was filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated. The residue was stirred in petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried (vacuum; 70° C.). After recrystallization from CHCl₃/CH₃OH, the precipitate was filtered off and dried (vacuum; 80° C. and high vacuum; 85° C.). Yield: 8.8 g of 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid (interm. 8) (15.0%).

b) A mixture of intermediate (8) (0.255 mol) in ethanol (400 ml) and H₂SO₄ (5 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 8 hours. The solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, washed with K₂CO₃ 10%, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 45 g of ethyl 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-arboxylate (interm. 9) (79%).

c) Reaction under N₂. A mixture of sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluninumhydride, 70 wt % solution in methylbenzene 3.4M (0.44 mol) in benzene (150 ml) (reflux) was added dropwise during 1 hour to a refluxed mixture of interm. 9 (0.22 mol) and benzene (600 ml). After stirring for 2.5 hours at reflux temperature, the mixture was cooled to ±15° C. The mixture was decomposed by adding dropwise ethanol (30 ml) and water (10 ml). This mixture was poured out onto ice/water and this mixture was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (500 ml). The separated organic layer was washed with water, dried, filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromotoghaphy over silica gel (eluent: CHCl₃). The desired fraction was collected and the eluent was evaporated. Yield. 34 g of 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-methanol (interm. 10) (85%).

d) Reaction under N₂. To a stirred and cooled (−60° C.; 2-propanone/CO₂ bath) mixture of ethanedioyl dichloride (0.1 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (350 ml) was added sulfinylbis[methane] (30 ml) during 10 minutes. After stirring 10 minutes, a mixture of interm. 10 in CH₂Cl₂ (90 ml) was added during 5 minutes. After stirring for 15 minutes, N,N-diethylethanamine (125 ml) was added. When the mixture was warmed up to room temperature, it was poured out in water. The product was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was wased with water, HCl (1M), water, NaHCO₃ (10%) and water, dried and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in diethyl ether, washed with water, dried, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromotoghaphy over silica gel (eluent: CHCl₃). The desired fraction was collected and the eluent was evaporated. Yield. 21.6 g of 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxaldehyde (interm. 11)

e) Preparation of

nButyllithium 1.6M (0.056 mol) was added slowly at −70° C. to a solution of intermediate (5) (0.046 mol) in THF (100 ml). The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 30 minutes. A suspension of interm. 11 (0.056 mol) in THF (100 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, then brought to room temperature, poured out into H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (21 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 80/10; 15-35 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 9.5 g of interm 12 (55%).

EXAMPLE A8

a) Preparation of

A mixture of intermediate (5) (0.1127 mol), 2-methoxyethanamine (0.2254 mol) and K₂CO₃ (0.2254 mol) in DMF (500 ml) was stirred at 120° C. for 15 hours and then cooled. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was taken up in CH₂Cl₂ and H2O. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue (33.53 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH 99.5/0.5; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and their solvents were evaporated. Yield: 5.7 g of interm. 14 (38%) and interm. 13 (34%).

b) Preparation of

A mixture of intermediate (5) (0.0751 mol), thiomorpholine (0.0891 mol) and K₂CO₃ (0.15 mol) in DMF (200 ml) was stirred at 120° C. for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue was taken up in CH₂Cl₂ and H₂O. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (26 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 80/20; 20-45 μm). Two factions were collected and their solvents were evaporated. The two fractions were combined. Yield: 9.4 g of interm. 15 (37%); mp. 82° C.

EXAMPLE A9

a) 4-Aminobenzoic acid (0.219 mol) was added to a solution of sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate (0.118 mol) in H₂SO₄ 70% (230 ml) and the mixture was stirred and refluxed. 2-propene-1,1-diol, 2-methyl-, diacetate (0.216 mol) was added dropwise and the mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. Ethanol (200 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 48 hours. The mixture was evaporated, the residue was poured into ice water/NH₄OH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/2-propanol 99/1). The pure fractions were collected and evaporated. Yield: 21 g of ethyl 3-methyl-6-quinolinecarboxylate (interm. 16) (45%).

b) Interm. 16 (0.098 mol) in THF (270 ml) was added at 0° C. to a solution of LiAlH₄ (0.098 mol) in THF under N₂. When the addition was complete, water (10 ml) was added The precipitate was filtered off and washed with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered off and evaporated. The product was used without further purification. Yield: 16.71 g of 3-methyl-6-quinolinemethanol (interm. 17).

c) MnO₂ (0.237 mol) was added to a solution of interm. 17 (0.096 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (200 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate was stirred again with MnO₂ (20 g) for 12 hours. MnO₂ (10 g) was added again. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and evaporated. The product was used without further purification. Yield: 11.71 g of 3-methyl-6-quinolinecarboxaldehyde (71%) (interm. 18).

d) A solution of bromocyclohexyl (0.14 mol) in 1,1′-oxybisethane (50 ml) and Mg turnings (50 ml) was added at 10° C. to a mixture of THF (0.14 mol) in 1,1′-oxybisethane (10 ml). A solution of interm. 18 (0.07 mol) in Mg turnings (100 ml) was added carefully at 5° C., the mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with EtOAc. Yield: 11.34 g of (±)-α-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-6-quinolinemethanol (63%) (interm 19).

EXAMPLE A10

Preparation of

A mixture of compound (5) (0.001507 mol), tributyl(1-ethoxyethenyl)stannane (0.00226 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.000151 mol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. This product was used without further purification. Yield: 1.4 g of interm. 20.

EXAMPLE A11

Preparation of

A mixture of compound (45) (prepared according to B6) (0.00125 mol) in NaOH 3N (5 ml) and iPrOH (1.7 ml) was stirred at room temperature overnight, then poured out into H₂O, acidified with HCl 3N and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was taken up in diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.26 g of intermediate 23 (56%). (mp.: 232° C.)

EXAMPLE A12

a. Preparation of

A mixture of 5-bromo-1H-indole-2,3-dione (0.221 mol) in NaOH 3N (500 ml 0 was stirred at 80° C. for 30 minutes, brought to room temperature and 2-pentanone (0.221 mol) was added The mixture was stir and refluxed for 1 hour and 30 minutes and acidified with AcOH until pH=5. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried. Yielding 52.3 g of intermediate 24 and intermediate 25. (Total yielding: 80%).

b. Preparation of

nBuLi 1.6 M (0.0816 mol) was added dropwise at −78° C. to a suspension of intermediate 25 (0.034 mol) and intermediate 26 (0.034 mol) in THF (300 ml) under N₂ flow. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes. nBuLi 1.6M (0.0816 mol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. A mixture of intermediate 9 (0.102 mol) in THF (250 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred for −78° C. to −20° C., poured out into H₂O/HCl 3N and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dired (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated till dryness. Yielding: 20.89 g of compound intermediate 26 and intermediate 27 (86%).

EXAMPLE A13

a. Preparation of

4amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid (0.054 mol) was added portionwise at room temperature to a solution of 3-chloro-2-ethyl-2-butenal (0.065 mol) in AcOH (100 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 8 hours and evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken up in CH₂Cl₂, water was added and the solution was basified by Et₃N. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from 2-propanone. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 2.5 g of interm. 26 (18%).

b. Preparation of

CDI (0.012 mol) was added at room temperature to a solution of interm. 26 (0.011 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 ml). The mixture was sired at room temperature for 1 hour. methoxyaminomethyl (0.012 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. H₂O was added. A precipitate was filtered off. The filtrate was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.95 g of interm. 27 (31%) (mp.: 148° C.).

EXAMPLE A14

Preparation of

4-Bromobenzenamine (0.034 mol) was added at room temperature to a solution of 3-chloride-2-ethyl-2-butanal (0.041 mol) in AcOH (60 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 8 hours, brought to room temperature and evaporated to dryness. The product was crystallized from EtOAc. The precipitate was filtered, washed with K2CO3 10% and taken up in CH2Cl2. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 4.6 g of interm. 28 (54%).

EXAMPLE A15

a. Preparation of

A solution of KOH (0.326 mol) in H₂O (150 ml) was added slowly at 5° C. to a solution of 1,3-cyclohexanedione (0.268 mol) in H₂O (150 ml). The temperature must not reach 12° C. KI (2 g) then 2-bromo-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone (0.294 mol) were added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The precipitate was filtered, washed with H₂O then with diethyl ether and dried. Yielding: 63 g (85%). A part of this fraction (1 g) was crystallized from EtOH The precipitate was filtered off and dried Yielding 0.5 g of interm. 29 (42%) (mp.: 100° C.).

b. Preparation of

A mixture of interm. 29 (0.145 mol) in H₂SO₄ (40 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, poured out into ice, basified with NH₄OH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from EtOH The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 31 g (58%). A part of this fraction (1 g) was crystallized from EtOH. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.7 g of interm. 30 (58%) (mp.: 200° C.).

c. Preparation of

A mixture of interm. 30 (0.039 mol), Raney Ni (10 g) in EtOH (100 ml) was hydrogenated at room temperature under a 3 bar pressure for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered over celite and washed with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (9.5 g) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 4.6 g (52%). The filtrate was evaporated. The residue (2.7 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH; 99/1; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 1.6 g F1 and 1.2 g F2. F2 was crystallized from EtOH. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.24 g of interm. 31 (2%) (mp.: 202° C.).

d. Preparation of

Interm. 30 (0.02 mol) was added at room temperature to a solution of 3chloro-2-ethyl-2-butenal (0.04 mol) in AcOH (50 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue was crystallized from EtOAc. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. The residue was taken up in CH₂Cl₂. The mixture was basified with K₂CO₃ 10% and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from EtOH. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 2.5 g of interm. 32 (40%).

EXAMPLE A16

Preparation of

A mixture of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylethanone (0.083 mol) and Raney Ni (20 g) in EtOH (200 ml) was hydrogenated at room temperature for 1 hour under a 3 bar pressure, then filtered over celite, washed with CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH and dried. Yielding: 17.5 g of interm. 33 (97%).

B. Preparation of the Final Compounds

EXAMPLE B1

Preparation of

POCl₃ (0.024 mol) was added slowly at 5° C. to DMF (0.024 mol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then cooled to 5° C. 3-Oxo-butanoic acid ethyl ester (0.024 mol) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 30 minutes. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-2-phenylethanone (0.024 mol) was added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 3 hours and dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. Ice water was added. The mixture was basified with NH₄OH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from 2-propanone/diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.9 g of compound 306 (11%) (mp.: 136° C.).

EXAMPLE B2

Preparation of

KMnO₄ (10 g) was added portionwise at room temperature to a solution of

(prepared according to example A7.e) (0.022 mol) in tris(dioxa-3,6-heptyl)amine (1 ml) and CH₂Cl₂ (100 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours, filtered over celite, washed with CH₂Cl₂ and dried. The residue (6 g, 100%) was crystallized from diethyl ether/petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 2 g of compound (2) (33%); mp. 82° C.

EXAMPLE B3

a) Preparation of

nBuLi 1.6M (0.07 mol) was added slowly at −70° C. to a solution of intermediate (5) (0.058 mol) in THF (150 ml). The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 30 minutes. A solution of 2,3-dihydro-1H-Indene-2-carbonitrile (0.07 mol) in THF (100 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, brought slowly to room temperature, hydrolized with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (22 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/cyclohexane 80/20 to 100; 15-35 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The second fraction was crystallized from 2-propanone/diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.11 g of compound (3). The filtrate was concentrated. Yield: 0.55 g of compound (3); mp. 145° C.

b) Preparation of

nBuLi 1.6M (0.022 mol) was added slowly at −70° C. to a solution of intermediate (5) (0.018 mol) in THF (50 ml). The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, brought to −40° C., then cooled to −70° C. A solution of interm. 7 (0.018 mol) in THF (40 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 1 hour, then brought to −20° C., hydrolyzed with H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (6.5 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: toluene/EtOAc 90/10; 15-40 μM). Two fractions (F1 and F2) were collected and the solvent was evaporated F1 (2.4 g) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 1.8 g of compound (4) (29%); mp. 123° C. F2 (0.9 g) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.2 g of compound (5) (3%); mp. 120° C.

c) Preparation of

nBuLi 1.6M in exane (0.107 mol) was added dropwise at −78° C. under N₂ flow to a mixture of intermediate (6) (0.089 mol) in THF. The mixture ws stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour. A mixture of interm. 7 (150 ml) was added at −78° C. under N₂ flow. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 hours, brought to 0° C., poured out into H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (31 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 20-45 μm). Two pure fractions were collected and their solvents were evaporated. Yielding: 11 g of compound (7) (38%) and 8.2 g of compound (8) (28%).

d) Preparation of

A solution of chloromethylbenzeen (0.0069 mol) in diethyl ether (8 ml) was added slowly to a suspension of Mg (0.0069 mol) in a small amount of diethyl ether. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes (disparition of Mg), then cooled to 5° C. A solution of interm. 27 (0.0027 mol) in THF (8 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 15 minutes, then at room temperature for 2 hours, poured out into H₂O and filtered over celite. The precipitate was washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1 g) was purified by column chromatography over kromasil (eluent: CH₂Cl₂ 100 to CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH 99/1; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.5 g, 56%) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.14 g of compound 503 (15%).

EXAMPLE B4 Examples of Endgoup Modifications

a) Preparation of

A mixture of

(prepared according to example B3.c) (0.018 mol) in HCl 3N (60 ml) and THF (60 ml) was stirred at 60° C. overnight The mixture was basified with a K₂CO₃ 10% solution and extracted with CH₂C₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 4.6 g of compound (156) (82%).

b) Preparation of

A mixture of

(prepared according to example B3.c) (0.0122 mol) in HCl 3N (40 ml) and THF (40 ml) was stirred and refluxed overnight, poured out into water, basified with K₂CO₃ 10% and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 40/60; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 2 g of compound (9) (52%); mp. 226° C.

c) Preparation

A mixture of compound (4) (0.0015 mol), 2-methoxyethanamine (0.003 mol) and K₂CO₃ (0.003 mol) in DMF (5 ml) was stirred at 140° C. for 48 hours. H₂O was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent cyclohexane/EtOAc 60/40; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Both fractions were crystallized separately from pentane. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.05 g of compound (10) (9%; mp. 115° C.) and 0.057 g of compound (11) (10%; mp. 107° C.).

d) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.0015 mol) in 2-(methylthio)ethanamine (2 ml) was stirred at 120° C. for 8 hours. K₂CO₃ 10% was added. The mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (2.2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 70/30; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The first fraction was crystallized from diethyl ether/petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.08 g of compound (12) (14%); mp. 120° C. The second fraction was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.18 g of compound (13) (31%); mp. 125° C.

e) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.001507 mol), ethynyltrimethylsilane (0.003013 mol), CuI (0.000151 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.000151 mol) in N,N-diethylethanamine (5 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 24 hours. Water was added. The mixture was filtered over celite, washed with EtOAc and the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.3 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.3 g) was crystallized from pentane. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.11 g of compound (14) (18%); mp. 114° C.

f) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (14) (0.013 mol) and KF (0.038 mol) in acetic acid (50 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. H₂O was added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (4.4 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 70/30; 15-40 μm). One fraction was collected and the solvent was evaporated. This fraction (3 g, 73%) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 2.45 g of compound (15) (60%); mp. 132° C.

g) Preparation of

A mixture of

prepared according to example B.7.a) (0.0056 mol) in KOH [1M, H₂O] (10 ml) and methanol (30 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, poured out into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (2.2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15 to 70/30; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

The first fraction was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.2 g of compound (15) (11%); mp. 133° C.

The second fraction was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.3 g of compound (17) (16%); mp. 128° C.

h) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.001205 mol), 2-propyn-1-ol (0.002411 mol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.000121 mol) and CuI (0.000121 mol) in N,N-diethylethanamine (5 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. Water was added. The mixture was filtered over celite, washed with EtOAc and extracted aith EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.7 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH 98/2; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from petroleum ether and diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield. 0.1 g of compound (18) (23%); mp. 113° C.

i) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.006027 mol) and KF (0.024108 mol) in DMSO (20 ml) was stirred at 140° C. The solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue was solidified in water and diethyl ether. The mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layer was separated, washed with diethyl ether, washed with a saturated solution of NaCl, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.7 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 15-40 μm). Three fractions were collected and their solvents were evaporated.

The first fraction was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield. 0.21 g of compound (19) (11%); mp. 92° C.

The second fraction was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.33 g of compound (20) (17%); mp. 114° C.

j) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.003013 mol), acetyl chloride (0.003315 mol) and sodium iodide (0.006027 mol) in CH₃CN (10 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 1 hour. K₂CO₃ 10% was added. The mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 80/20; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and their solvents were evaporated. The first fraction was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.12 g of compound (21); mp. 110° C.

k) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (21) (0.000898 mol), trimethylsilanecarbonitrile (0.001347 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.00009 mol) in N,N-diethylethanamine (5 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄). filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.4 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 80/20; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.18 g, 62%) was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.13 g of compound (22) (45%); mp. 138° C.

1) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.00603 mol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.000603 mol), PPh₃ (0.00904 mol) and K₂CO₃ (0.012054 mol) in CO (gas) and methanol (40 ml) was stirred at 90° C. for 8 hours under a 5 bar pressure of CO. H₂O was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (6 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH 100/0 to 98/2; 15-35 μm). Four fractions (F1-F4) were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 0.13 g (cis) F1; 0.02 g F2 (cis, compound 25); 0.055 g F3 (trans, 3%) and 0.11 F4 (trans; compound 26).

F1 was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.03 g of compound (23) (1%); mp. 91° C.

F3 was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.035 g of compound (24) (1%); mp. 99° C.

m) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.009 mol) and Zn (0.027 mol) in acetic acid (30 ml) was stirred at 60° C. for 4 hours, filtered over celite, washed with CH₂Cl₂, evaporated till dryness, solubilized in CH₂Cl₂ and washed with K₂CO₃ 10%. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (4 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 75/25; 15-40 μm). One fraction was collected and the solvent was evaporated. This fraction (1 g 37%) was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: compound (25); mp. 88° C.

n) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.001502 mol), Sn(CH₃)₄ (0.003004 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.00015 mol) in methylbenzene (5 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 3 hours. K₂CO₃ 10% was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.7 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 15-40 μm). Two fractions (F1 and F2) were collected and their solvents were evaporated. Yield. 0.27 g (F 1, starting material) and 0.14 g (F2). F2 was crystallized from pentane and petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.08 g of compound (27) (17%); mp. 110° C.

o) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.001507 mol), tributylethenylstannane (0.002260 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.000151 mol) in dioxane (5 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. Water was added. The mixture was filtered over celite, washed with EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.65 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 90/10; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.07 g of compound (28) (14%); mp. 108° C.

p) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (5) (0.001507 mol), triphenyl(phenylmethyl)stannane (0.002260 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.000151 mol) in dioxane (5 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.4 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc 96/4; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.38 g) was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.16 g of compound (29) (28%); mp. 112° C.

q) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.001507 mol), tributyl-2-thienylstannane (0.00226 mol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0001507 mol) in dioxane (5 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. K₂CO₃ 10% was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.7 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.65 g) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.35 g of compound (30) (61%); mp. 142° C.

r) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.0015 mol), 3-thienyl boronic acid (0.00226 mol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.00015 mol) and dioxane was stirred and refluxed for 24 hours. K₂CO₃ 10% was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.8 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc is 80/20; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.4 g, 70%) was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.39 g of compound (31) (68%); mp. 113° C.

s) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.003 mol), glycine methyl ester monohydrochloride (0.0066 mol) and Pd(PPh)₄ (0.0003 mol) in Et₃N (2 ml) and toluene (10 ml) was stirred at 100° C. under 5 bar pressure of CO for 8 hours, filtered over celite, washed with CH₂Cl₂ and evaporated. The residue (2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 80/20; 75-35 μm). One fraction was collected and the solvent was evaporated. This fraction (1 g 80%) was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.46 g of compound (32) (37%).

t) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.003 mol) and hydrazinecarboxaldehyde (0.0045 mol) in 1-butanol (15 ml) was stirred and refluxed overnight, poured out into water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH/NH₄OH 95/5/0.1; 15-40 μm). Two fractions (F1 and F2) were collected and their solvents were evaporated. Yield: 0.3 g F1 and 0.3 g F2.

F1 was crystallized from CH₃CN and diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.102 g of compound (33); mp. 224° C.

F2 was crystallized from CH₃CN and diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.2 g of compound (34); mp. 185° C.

u) Preparation of

A mixture of compound 4 (0.015 mol) and NaN₃ (0.045 mol) in DMF (50 ml) was stirred at 140° C. for 2 hours. K₂CO₃10% was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (6 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent cyclohexane/EtOAc 60/40; 15-40 μm). The first fraction was collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 1.26 g of compound (35) (24%); mp. 160° C.

v) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (4) (0.009 mol) and thiourea (0.0099 mol) in ethyl alcohol (30 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 12 hours and a solution of KOH (0.0149 mol) in H₂O (5 ml) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 1 hour, poured out into water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (cyclohexane/EtOAc 70/30; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 1.1 g of F1 (37%) and 0.4 g of F2 (13%). F1 was crystallized from 2-propanone. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: compound (36). F2 was crystallized from 2-propanone. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: compound (37).

w) Preparation of

CH₃I (0.0034 mol) was added slowly at room temperature to a solution of compound (36) (0.0015 mol), compound (37) (0.0015 mol) and K₂CO₃ (0.0034 mol) in acetone (15 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried KgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.6 g F1 (57%), and 0.18 g F2 (17%). F1 was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.28 g compound (38) (27%). F2 was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.065 g of compound (39) (6%).

x) Preparation of

A mixture of

prepared according to example B3b (0.0014 mol) in HCl 3N (5 ml) and THF (5 ml) was stirred and refluxed for a weekend, then poured out into H₂O, basified with K₂CO₃ and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.5 g of F. This fraction F was crystallized from 2-propanone. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.35 g of compound (40) (74%).

y) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (5) (0.045 mol), acetamide (0.90013 mol) and K₂CO₃ (0.225 mol) was stirred and refluxed at 200° C. for 2 hours, cooled at room temperature, poured out into H₂O/CH₂Cl₂; and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue (14.4 g) was crystallized from CH₃OH. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. The filtrate was evaporated. The residue (11.27 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH/NH₄OH 96/410.1; 15-35 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 4.2 g of compound (188) (65%).

z) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (188) (0.00032 mol), benzoic acid (1.5 equiv., 0.00048 mol), 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide .HCl (1:1) (1.5 equiv., 0.00048 mol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (1.5 equiv., 0.00048 mol) and Et₃N (1 equiv., 0.00032 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC and the product fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 0.066 g of compound (205) (49.50%).

aa) Preparation of

A mixture of interm 20 (0.001507 mol) in HCl 3N (10 ml) and THF (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours, basified with K₂CO₃ 10% and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporate. The residue (1.2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent cyclohexane/EtOAc 85/15; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.4 g) was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.3 g of compound (6) (58%); mp. 108° C.

ab) Preparation of

A mixture of compound 213 (prepared according to B4) (0.00305 mol) and CH₃ONa (30% in CH₃OH) (0.00916 mol) in CH₃OH (25 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 15 hours then cooled to room temperature, poured out into H₂O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue (1.1 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc; 40/60; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.3 g F1 and 0.5 g F2 (50%) F2 was crystallized from diethyl ether/petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.26 g F1 was crystallized from pentane. The precipitate was filtered off and dried Yielding: 0.19 g. This fraction was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH; 98/2; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.11 g. This fraction was purified by column chromatography over kromasil (eluent: CH₃OH/H₂O; 70/30). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.09 g. (9%) This fraction was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.08 g of compound 419 (8%).

Example B5

Preparation of

Iodomethane (0.00456 mol) was added at 5° C. to a mixture of compound (9) (0.0019 mol), compound (8) (0.0019 mol) and tBuOK (0.00456 mol) in THF (30 ml) under N₂ flow. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured out into H₂O and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 65/35; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield. 0.35 g of compound (42) (30%; mp. 125° C.) and 0.35 g of compound (43) (30%; mp. 116° C.).

Example B6

a) Preparation of

NaH 60% (0.01068 mol) was added at 0° C. under N₂ flow to a mixture of compound (8) and compound (9) (0.0089 mol). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Ethyl bromoacetate (0.01068 mol) was added at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, hydrolized with water and extracted with EtoAc. The organic layer was separated, dried MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 60/40; 15-40 μm). The desired fractions (F1-F4) were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 0.11 g F1; 0.13 g F2; 0.75 g F3 and 0.8 g F4.

F3 was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: compound (44); mp. 152° C.

F4 was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: compound (45); mp. 147° C.

b) Preparation of

Bromomethylbenzene (0.007 mol) was added dropwise at 0° C. under N₂ flow to a solution of compound (8) and compound (9) (0.0064 mol) and NaH 60% (0.007 mol) in DMF (40 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, hydrolized with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 70/30; 15-40 μm). The desired fractions (F1-F4) were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 0.15 g F1, 0.1 g F2, 0.6 g F3 (23%) and 0.8 g F4.

F3 was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: 0.13 g of compound (46); mp. 137° C.

F4 was crystallized from DIPE and petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yield: compound (47); mp. 130° C.

Example B7

a) 3-Chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid (0.088 mol) was added at 0° C. to a solution of compound (48) (prepared according to example B2) (0.044 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (200 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was washed with K₂CO₃10%. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered off and evaporated. The residue was recrystallized from (C₂H₅)₂O. Yield: 8.2 g of cyclohexyl(3-methyl-6-quinolinyl)methanone,1-oxide (compound 49) (69%).

b) 4-Methyl benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.043 mol) was added to a solution of compound (49) (0.028 mol) in K₂CO₃ (400 m) and CH₂Cl₂ (400 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered off and evaporated. The residue was recrystallized from (C₂H₅)₂O. Yield: 6.64 g of 6-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-3-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone (compound 50) (85%); mp. 256.1° C.

Example B8

a) Preparation of

A mixture of compound (7) (0.0229 mol), hydroxylamine (0.0252 mol) and N,N-diethylethanamine (0.0252 mol) in ethanol (100 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 6 hours, poured out into water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from CH₃CN. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc 80/20; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 2.8 g of compound (44) (36%; mp. 133° C.) and 3 g of compound (45) (38%; mp. 142° C.).

b) Preparation of

Hydrazine (0.41 mol) was added at room temperature to a solution of compound (7) (0.015 mol) in ethanol (75 ml). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 1 night, poured out into water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH/NH₄OH 98/2/0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.8 g of compound (53) (15%); mp. 110° C.

Example B9

Preparation of

Procedure for compounds 400, 401, 402, 403, 404 and 405. A mixture of interm. 21 (prepared according to A11) (0.000269 mol), amantadine hydrochloride (0.000404 mol; 1.5 eq.), N′-(ethylcarbonimidoyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine hydrochloride (0.000404 mol; 1.5 equiv.), 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (0.000404 mol; 1.5 equiv.) and Et3N (0.000269 mol) in CH₂Cl₃ (2 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC. The product fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yield: 0.063 g of compound 520 (46.37%).

Example B10

Preparation of

A mixture of intermediate 27 (0.0026 mol) and intermediate 26 (0.0026 mol) in EtOH (380 ml) and H₂SO₄ conc. (19 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 15 hours, the cooled to room temperature, poured out into ice water, basified with K₂CO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (17.9 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane)EtOAc; 80/20; 15-35 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.85 g of F1, 1.1 g F2 and 11.5 g of F3. F1 and F2 were crystallized separately from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.34 g of compound 233.

Example B 11

Preparation of

A mixture of compound 22 (prepared according to B4) (0.004 mol) in HCl (3N) (20 ml) and THF (20 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 8 hours, poured out on ice, basified with NH₄OH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated The residue (1.2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH/NH₄OH; 93/7/0.5; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.5 g F1 (41%) and 0.4 g of F2. F1 was crystallized from petroleum ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.17 g of compound 511 (14%).

Example B12

Preparation of

A mixture of compound 524 (prepared according to B9a) (0.0018 mol) and KOH 85% (0.0094 mol) in EtOH (15 ml) was sired and refluxed for 24 hours, poured out into H₂O and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent CH₂Cl₂/Cyclohexane 80/20; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.35 g F1 (64%) and 0.17 g (SM) F1 was crystallized from diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.33 g of compound 514 (60%) (mp.:185° C.).

Example B13

Preparation of

A mixture of interm. 28 (0.019 mol), 2-benzofuranylboronic acid (0.028 mol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.001 mol) and BHT (a few quantity) in dioxane (25 ml) and Na₂CO₃ [2] (25 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 8 hours and extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was basified with NH₄OH and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (3.6 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH 99/1; 15-40 μm). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 1.8 g (33%). This fraction was crystallized from 2-propanone/diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.39 g of compound 515 (7%) (mp.: 134° C.).

Example B14

Preparation of

Triethylsilane (0.0012 mol) was added slowly at room temperature to a solution of interm. 32 (0.004 mol) in CF₃COOH (5 ml) and AcOH (10 ml). NaBH₄ (0.0012 mol) was added portionwise under N₂ flow. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours, poured out on ice, basified with K₂CO₃ and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH 99/1; 15-40 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated Yielding: 0.5 g F1 (43%) and 0.4 g F2. F1 was dissolved in iPrOH. HCl/iPrOH (1 eq) were added. The precipitate was filtered off and dried; Yielding: 0.32 g of compound 526 (mp.: 248° C.).

Example B15

Preparation of

A mixture of interm. 33 (0.082 mol) and 3-chloro-2-ethyl-2-butenal (0.098 mol) in AcOH (200 ml) was stirred and refluxed for 8 hours. The solvent was evaporated till dryness. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and washed with K₂CO₃ 10%. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (27 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc 95/5 to 92/8; 15-35 μm). Two fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Yielding: 0.7 g of F1 and 5.3 g F2. F1 was crystallized from 2-propanone/diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried. Yielding: 0.25 g of compound 471 (2%) (mp.: 140° C.).

Tables 1 to 8 list the compounds of formula (I-A) and (I-B) which were prepared according to one of the above examples. TABLE 1

Co. Ex. physical no. no. R² R³ R⁴ R¹ data 54 B2 Cl ethyl H

— 3 B3a Cl ethyl H

mp. 145° C. 55 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 131° C. 56 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 104° C. 57 B3b Cl ethyl H phenylethyl mp. 100° C. 58 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 126° C. 59 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 150° C. 60 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 138° C. 61 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H

— 62 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H

mp. 130° C. 63 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H

mp. 116° C. 64 B3b Cl ethyl H —(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃ mp. 82° C. 65 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 1-methylcyclohexyl mp. 82° C. 66 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 3-methoxycyclohexyl trans; mp. 94° C. 67 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 3-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 108° C. 68 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 4-(methylethoxy- (A), cyclohexyl mp. 820° C. 69 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 4-[C(CH₃)₃]cyclohexyl cis; mp. 92° C. 70 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 4-[C(CH₃)₃]cyclohexyl trans; mp. 108° C. 71 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 4-methylcyclohexyl (B), mp. 92° C. 72 B3b OCH₃ ethyl H 4-methylcyclohexyl (A), mp. 80° C. 2 B2 Cl ethyl H CH₂—CH(CH₃)₂ mp. 82° C. 73 B3b Cl ethyl H —CH₂—O—C₂H₅ mp. 82° C. 48 B2 H methyl H cyclohexl — 74 B4 I ethyl H

— 75 B4 I ethyl H

mp. 124° C. 76 B4 I ethyl H

mp. 138° C. 77 B4 I ethyl H

mp. 120° C. 78 B4 CN ethyl H

mp. 128° C. 79 B4 CN ethyl H

mp. 136° C. 80 B4 CN ethyl H

mp. 120° C. 81 B4 CN ethyl H

mp. 139° C. 82 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 106° C. 83 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 149° C. 84 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 118° C. 85 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 180° C. 86 B4 methyl ethyl H phenylethyl mp. 53° C. 87 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 87° C. 88 B4 methyl ethyl H —CH₂—CH(CH₃)₂ mp. 68° C. 89 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 120° C. 31 B4 3-thiazolyl ethyl H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; 113° C. 90 B3b OCH₃ H H 4-methoxycyclohexyl trans, mp. 126° C. 91 B3b OCH₃ H H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis, mp. 100° C. 92 B3b OCH₃ H CH₃ 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 120° C. 93 B3b OCH₃ H CH₃ 4-methoxycyclohexyl trans; mp. 111° C. 94 B3b OCH₃ methyl H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis, mp. 96° C. 95 B3b OCH₃ phenyl H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; HCl (1:1), mp. 138° C. 96 B3b OCH₃ propyl H 4-methoxycyclohexyl trans; mp. 118° C. 97 B3b OCH₃ propyl H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 108° C. 98 B3b OCH₃ methyl H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 104° C. 99 B4 N(CH₃)₂ ethyl H

(B); mp. 102° C. 100 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 114° C. 101 B4 methyl ethyl H 4-butoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 86° C. 102 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 78° C. 103 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 91° C. 104 B4 N(CH₃)₂ ethyl H

mp. 103° C. 105 B4 N(CH₃)₂ ethyl H

mp. 170° C. 106 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 137° C. 107 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 137° C. 108 B4 methyl ethyl ethyl 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 91° C. 109 B4 methyl ethyl H 4-ethoxycyclohexyl trans; mp. 150° C. 110 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 90° C. 111 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 94° C. 112 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 176° C. 113 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 106° C. 114 B4 propyl H H 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 74° C. 115 B4 methyl ethyl H 4-ethoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 108° C. 116 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 110° C. 117 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 124° C. 118 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 107° C. 119 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 129° C. 120 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp. 106° C. 41 B3b Cl ethyl H

trans; mp. 157° C. 182 B3b methyl ethyl H

cis; mp. 170° C. 183 B3b methyl ethyl H

trans; mp. 144° C. 184 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp. 138° C. 185 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp. 120° C. 186 B3b Cl ethyl H

187 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp. 162° C. 216 B4 CC≡N ethyl H

mp.: 160° C. 217 B4 methyl ethyl H

.ethanedioate (1:1); mp.: 143° C. 218 B4 I ethyl H

mp.: 102° C. 219 B4 CC≡N ethyl H

mp.: 115° C. 220 B4 Cl ethyl H

(A); mp.: 107° C. 221 B4 Cl ethyl H

(B); mp.: 113° C. 222 B4 I ethyl H

mp.: 206° C. 223 B4 Cl ethyl H

(trans); mp.;117° C. 224 B4 methyl ethyl H

(A); mp. 103° C. 225 B2 Cl ethyl H

mp.: 94° C. 226 B3b Cl ethyl H

(trans); mp.: 157° C. 227 B3c methoxy

H mp.: 204° C. 228 B4 Cl ethyl H

(A); mp.: 136° C. 229 B3b n-propyl H H

(trans);.HCl (1:1); mp.:150° C. 230 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 116° C. 231 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 120° C. 232 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 112° C. 233 B10 i-propyl H C(═O)O—C₂H₅

(cis); mp.: 91° C. 234 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 122° C. 235 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 106° C. 236 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 104° C. 237 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 90° C. 238 B4 methyl H H

(cis); mp.: 80° C. 239 B3b Cl ethyl H

(trans); mp.: 126° C. 240 B3b Cl ethyl H

(cis); mp.: 128° C. 241 B4 methyl ethyl H

(A); mp.: 90° C. 242 B4 methyl ethyl H

(B); mp.: 110° C. 243 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 134° C. 244 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 127° C. 245 B4 NHC(═O)NH₂ ethyl H

(cis); mp.: 176° C. 246 B4 methyl ethyl H

(B) 247 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 92° C. 248 B4 methyl ethyl H

(A); mp.: 80° C. 249 B3b Cl ethyl H

(B); mp.: 138° C. 250 B4 methyl ethyl H

(trans); mp.: 118° C. 251 B4 methyl ethyl H

(B);.HCl (1:1) 252 B3b Cl ethyl H

(A) 253 B3b Cl ethyl H

(B) 254 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp.: 74° C. 255 B4 methyl ethyl H

(cis); mp.: 68° C. 256 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 210° C. 257 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.. 113° C. 258 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 92° C. 259 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp.: 115° C. 260 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp.: 60° C. 261 B3b Cl ethyl H

(A); mp.: 86° C. 262 B3b Cl ethyl H

(B); mp.: 101° C. 263 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp.: 130° C. 264 B3b Cl ethyl H

(A); mp.: 124° C. 265 B3b Cl ethyl H

(B); mp.: 126° C. 266 B4 N(CH₃)₂ ethyl H

(trans), mp.: 102° C. 267 B4 N(CH₃)₂ ethyl H

(cis);.HCl (1:1); mp.: 170° C. 268 B4 methyl ethyl H

(A);.HCl (1:1); mp.: 206° C. 269 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 104° C. 270 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp.: 117° C. 271 B4 NCH₂H₅OCH₃ ethyl H

— 272 B4 methyl ethyl H

— 273 B4 NH₂ ethyl H

— 274 B3b Cl ethyl H

— 275 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 99° C. 276 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 95° C. 277 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 105° C. 278 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 141° C. 279 B4 Cl ethyl H

mp.: 168° C. 280 B4 Cl ethyl H

— 281 B4 Cl ethyl H

mp.: 140° C. 282 B4 Cl ethyl H

mp.: 169° C. 283 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 96° C. 284 B3b Cl CH₂N(CH₃)₂ H

mp.: 115° C. 285 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 133° C. 286 B4 methyl CH₂OCH₃ H

(trans); mp.: 106° C. 287 B4 methyl CH₂N(CH₃)₂ H

(cis); mp.: 110° C. 288 B3b Cl n-propyl H

mp.: 110° C. 289 B4 NH₂ ethyl H

mp.: 218° C. 290 B4 methyl n-propyl H

mp.: 90° C. 291 B3b Cl n-propyl H

(cis); mp.: 128° C. 292 B3b Cl n-propyl H

(trans); mp.: 104° C. 293 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.:106° C. 294 B4 methyl n-propyl H

(cis); mp.: 94° C. 295 B4 methyl CH₂N(CH₃)₂ H

mp.: 83° C. 296 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 99° C. 297 B3b Cl ethyl H

mp.: 110° C. 298 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 93° C. 299 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 105° C. 300 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 114° C. 301 B3b methyl ethyl H

mp.: 143° C. 302 B4 methoxy ethyl H

mp.: 93° C. 303 B4 methyl ethyl H

mp.: 82° C. 304 B4 n-butyl ethyl H

— 305 B3b Cl n-propyl H

mp.: 125° C. 306 B1 methyl C(═O)OC₂H₅ H

mp.: 136° C. 307 B4 methyl n-propyl H

mp.: 81° C. 308 B4 methoxy n-propyl H

mp.: 80° C. 309 B4 I n-propyl H

mp.: 120° C. 310 B3d methyl ethyl H

.HCl(1:1); mp.: 129° C. 311 B3b Cl H H

mp.: 160° C. 312 B3b Cl H H

(trans); mp.: 145° C. 313 B3b Cl H H

mp.: 103° C. 314 B4 n-propyl n-propyl H

.HCl (1:1); mp.: 150° C. 315 B4 n-propyl ethyl H

.HCl (1:1) 316 B4 n-propyl H H

.HCl (1:1); mp.: 140° C. 317 B3b Cl H H

mp.: 168° C. 318 B4 methyl n-propyl H

.HCl (1:1); mp.: 200° C. 509 B3b Cl ethyl H

— 510 B4 methyl ethyl H

.H₂O (1:1) 513 B4 methyl ethyl H

— 516 B4 Cl ethyl H

mp.: 120° C. 517 B4 I ethyl H CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ — 518 B4 Cl ethyl H

— 519 B4 Cl ethyl H

(A + B) 521 B4 I ethyl H

— 522 B4 methyl ethyl H

(A) 1 B4 methyl ethyl H

(A) 525 B4 Cl ethyl H

527 B4 F ethyl H

mp.: 116° C.

TABLE 2

Co. Ex. no. no. R² X physical data 5 B3b Cl O trans; mp. 120° C. 121 B3b 1-piperidinyl O cis; HCl (1:1) 122 B3b 1-piperidinyl O trans; HCl (1:1); mp. 128° C. 123 B3b 4-thiomorpholinyl O cis; mp. 105° C. 124 B3b 4-thiomorpholinyl O trans; mp. 115° C. 125 B3b 4-morpholinyl O trans; mp. 118° C. 126 B3b 4-morpholinyl O cis; mp. 118° C. 127 B3b —N(CH₃)₂ O trans; mp. 96° C. 128 B3b —N(CH₃)₂ O cis; mp. 114° C. 4 B3b Cl O cis; mp. 123° C. 8 B3c OCH₃ O trans, mp. 68° C. 7 B3c OCH₃ O cis, mp. 116° C. 6 B4 acetyl O trans; mp. 108° C. 129 B4 acetyl O cis; mp. 106° C. 11 B4 NH-(CH₂)₂—OCH₃ O trans; mp. 107° C. 10 B4 NH-(CH₂)₂—OCH₃ O cis; mp. 115° C. 12 B4 NH-(CH₂)₂—SCH₃ O cis; mp. 120° C. 13 B4 NH-(CH₂)₂—SCH₃ O trans; mp. 125° C. 14 B4 —C≡C—Si(CH₃)₃ O cis; mp. 114° C. 16 B4 —C≡C—Si(CH₃)₃ O trans; mp. 108° C. 15 B4 —C≡CH O cis; mp. 132-133° C. 17 B4 —C≡CH O trans; mp. 128° C. 18 B4 —C≡C—CH2OH O cis; mp. 113° C. 130 B4 —C≡C—CH₂OH O trans; mp. 108° C. 19 B4 F O cis; mp. 92-99° C. 20 B4 F O trans; mp. 114° C. 21 B4 I O cis; mp. 110° C. 22 B4 ON O cis; mp. 137-138° C. 26 B4 H O trans 23 B4 —C(═O)—OCH₃ O cis; mp. 91° C. 24 B4 —C(═O)—OCH₃ O trans; mp. 99° C. 25 B4 H O cis; mp. 88° C. 27 B4 methyl O cis; mp. 110-112° C. 131 B4 methyl O trails; mp. 25° C. 28 B4 ethenyl O cis; mp. 108° C. 132 B4 ethenyl O trana; mp. 103° C. 29 B4 phenyl O trans; mp. 112° C. 30 B4 2-thienyl O cis; 142° C. 133 B4 2-thiazol O cis; 108° C. 134 B4 2-furanyl O cis; mp. 105° C. 51 B8a OCH₃ N—OH [1α(A), 4α]; mp. 133° C. 52 B8a OCH₃ N—OH [1α(B), 4α]; mp. 142° C. 53 B8b OCH₃ NNH₂ [1α(A), 4α]; mp. 110° C. 135 B4 NH₂ O cis; mp. 203° C. 136 B4 NH₂ O trans; mp. 202° C. 137 B4 —C(═O)-OCH(CH₃)₂ O cis; mp. 105° C. 138 B4 —C(═O)-OCH(CH₃)₂ O trans; mp. 88° C. 38 B4 SCH₃ O cis; mp. 124° C. 39 B4 SCH₃ O trans; mp. 116° C. 32 B4

O cis; mp. 130° C. 139 B4 ethyl O cis; mp.180° C. 188 B4 NH₂ O cis + trans 189 B4

O cis; mp. 154° C. 190 B4

O trans; mp. 156° C. 191 B4

O cis; mp. >260° C. 192 B4

O .H₂O (1:1); trans; mp. 248° C. 193 B4

O cis; mp. 224° C. 194 B4

O trans; mp. 234° C. 195 B4

O cis; mp. 108° C. 196 B4

O trans; mp. 127° C. 197 B4

O cis; mp. 150° C. 198 B4

O trans; mp. 90° C. 199 B4

O LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 475.4 200 B4

O LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 464.3 201 B4

O LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 523.3 202 B4

O LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 465.3 203 B4

O LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 475.4 204 B4

O LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 465.3 205 B4

O — 319 B4

O (cis); .ethanedioate (1:1); mp.: 160° C. 320 B4

O (cis); mp.: 150° C. 321 B4 methoxy CH₂ (cis); .HCl (1:1); mp.:118° C. 322 B4 n-butyl O (cis); .HCl (1:1); mp.:158° C. 323 B4

O — 324 B4

O — 325 B4

O — 326 B4

O — 327 B4

O — 328 B4

O — 329 B4

O — 330 B4

O — 331 B4

O — 332 B4

O — 333 B4

O — 334 B4

O — 335 B4

O — 336 B4

O — 337 B4

O — 338 B4

O — 339 B4

O — 340 B4

O — 341 B4

O — 342 B4

O — 343 B4

O — 344 B4

O — 345 B4

O — 346 B4

O — 347 B4

O — 348 B4 CH₂OC(═O)CH₃ O (cis); mp.: 74° C. 349 B4

O — 350 B4

O — 351 B4

O — 352 B4

O — 353 B4

O (A); .HCl (1:2) .H2O (1:1); mp.: 166° C. 354 B4

O (cis) 355 B4

O — 356 B4

O — 357 B4

O — 358 B4

O — 359 B4

O — 360 B4

O — 361 B4

O — 362 B4

O — 363 B4

O — 364 B4

O — 365 B4

O — 366 B4

O — 367 B4

O — 368 B4

O — 369 B4

O — 370 B4

O — 371 B4

O — 372 B4

O — 373 B4

O — 374 B4

O — 375 B4

O — 376 B4

O — 377 B4

O — 378 B4

O — 379 B4

O — 380 B4

O — 381 B4

O — 382 B4

O — 383 B4

O (cia); mp.: 148° C. 384 B4

O (trans); mp.: 141° C. 385 B4

O mp.: 130° C. 386 B4

O (cia); mp.: 140° C. 387 B4

O (trans); mp.: 155° C.

TABLE 3

Co. Ex. no. no. Y. R¹ physical data 140 B4 O

mp. 220° C. 141 B4 O

mp. 213° C. 142 B4 O

mp. 148° C. 143 B4 O 1-methylcyclohexyl mp. 195-210° C. 144 B4 O 3-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 156° C. 145 B4 O 3-methoxycyclohexyl trans; mp. 156-163° C. 146 B4 O 4-(dimethylethyl)cyclohexyl mp. 230° C. 147 B4 O 4-(methylethoxy)cyclohexyl mp. 186° C. 148 B4 O 4-methylcyclohexy trans; mp. 214° C. 36 B4 S 4-methoxycyclohexyl cis; mp. 224° C. 37 B4 S 4-methoxycyclohexyl trans; mp. 220° C. 149 B4 O

mp. 188° C. 40 B4 O

mp. 192° C. 150 B4 O

cis; mp. 226° C. 151 B4 O

trans; mp. 226° C. 152 B4 O

mp. 213° C. 153 B4 O

mp. 200° C. 154 B4 O

mp. 210° C. 155 B4 O 4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl mp. 242° C. 388 B4 O CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ mp. 189° C. 389 B4 O

mp. 228° C. 390 B4 O

mp. 197° C. 391 B4 O

mp. 145° C. 392 B4 O

mp. 192° C. 393 B4 O

(B); mp.: 224° C. 394 B4 O

(A); mp.: 201° C. 395 B4 O

(A); mp.: 207° C. 396 B4 O

mp.: 212° C. 397 B4 O

(B); mp.: 238° C. 398 B4 O

mp.: 234° C. 399 B4 O

(cis); mp.:192° C.

TABLE 4

Co. Ex. no. no. R³ R⁴ R⁵ R physical data 156 B4 ethyl H H OCH₃ trans; mp. 252° C. 157 B4 H H H OCH₃ (cis + trans); mp. 244° C. 158 B4 H methyl H OCH₃ cis; mp. >260° C. 159 B4 methyl H H OCH₃ cis; mp. 254° C. 160 B4 methyl H H OCH₃ trans; mp.>260° C. 161 B4 propyl H H OCH₃ mp. 208° C. 162 B4 propyl H H OCH₃ trans; mp. 232° C. 9 B4 ethyl H H OCH₃ cis; mp. 224-226° C. 43 B5 ethyl H CH₃ OCH₃ trans; mp. 116° C. 42 B5 ethyl H CH₃ OCH₃ cis; mp. 125° C. 44 B6 ethyl H CH₂—COOC₂H₅ OCH₃ cis; mp. 152° C. 45 B4 ethyl H CH₂—COOC₂H₅ OCH₃ trans; mp. 147° C. 46 B4 ethyl H benzyl OCH₃ cis; mp.137° C. 47 B4 ethyl H benzyl OCH₃ trans; mp. 130° C. 50 B7 methyl H H H mp. 256.1° C. 163 B4 ethyl ethyl H OCH₃ cis; mp. 221° C. 164 B4 ethyl ethyl H OCH₃ cis; mp. 221° C. 165 B4 ethyl ethyl H OCH₃ trans; mp.215° C. 166 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 429.4 167 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 451.3 168 B4 H H H OCH₃ cis; mp. 106° C. 169 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ LC/MS [M + H]⁺; 409.3 400 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 401 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 402 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 403 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 404 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 405 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 406 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 407 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 408 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 409 B3b

H H OCH₃ mp.: 168° C. 410 B4 CH₂OCH₃ H H OCH₃ mp.: 194° C. 508 B4 ethyl H

OCH₃ — 520 B9 ethyl H

OCH₃ —

TABLE 5

Co. Ex. no. no. R⁴ R¹ X physical data 33 B4 H methoxycyclohexyl CH cis; mp. 224° C. 34 B4 H metboxycyclohexyl CH trans; mp. 185° C. 35 B4 H methoxycyclohexyl N cis; mp. 160-172° C. 170 B4 H methoxycyclohexyl N trans; mp. 146° C. 171 B4 H

N (B); mp. 165° C. 172 B4 H methylcyclohexyl N cis + trans; mp. 143° C. 173 B4 ethyl methoxycyclohexyl N cis; mp.: 126° C. 411 B4 H

N mp.: 109° C. 412 B4 H

N mp.: 180° C. 413 B4 H

N (A) 414 B4 H

N mp.: 156° C.

TABLE 6

Co. Ex. no. no. R L physcial data 49 B7 H

— 174 B3b OCH₃

cis; mp. 115° C. 175 B3b OCH₃

trans; mp. 141° C. 176 B3b OCH₃

cis; mp. 149° C. 177 B3b OCH₃

mp. 126° C. 178 B3b OCH₃

trans; mp. 160° C. 179 B3b OCH₃

cis; mp. 119° C. 180 B3b OCH₃

trans; mp. 124° C. 181 B3b OCH₃

trans; mp. 92° C. 206 B3b OCH₃

cis; m.p. 144° C. 207 B3b OCH₃

trans; m.p. 125° C. 208 B3b OCH₃

cis; m.p. 127° C. 209 B3b OCH₃

cis; m.p. 101° C. 210 B3b OCH₃

cis; m.p. 104° C. 211 B3b OCH₃

trans; m.p. 134° C. 212 B4 OCH₃

cis; m.p. 141° C. 213 B4 OCH₃

trans; m.p. 215° C. 214 B4 OCH₃

cis; m.p. 139° C. 215 B3b OCH₃

trans 415 B3b OCH₃

(cis); mp.: 136° C. 416 B3b OCH₃

(cis) 417 B4 OCH₃

(cis); mp.: 149° C. 418 B3b OCH₃

(trans); mp.: 132° C. 419 B4 OCH₃

(cis); mp.: 217° C. 420 B3b OCH₃

(cis);.HCl(1:1); mp.: 200° C. 421 B4 OH

(cis); mp.: 215° C. 422 B4 OH

(trans); mp.: 178° C. 423 B3b OCH₃

mp.: 160° C. 424 B3b OCH₃

(cis); mp.: 106° C. 425 B3b OCH₃

(trans); mp.: 120° C. 426 B3b OCH₃

(cis); mp.: 121° C. 427 B3b H

mp.: 156° C. 428 B3b OCH₃

(cis); mp.: 156° C. 429 B3b OCH₃

(trans); mp.: 197° C. 430 B3b CH₃

(B) 431 B3b CH₃

(A)

TABLE 7

Co. Ex. no. no. R¹ L physcial data 432 B4

mp.: 128° C. 433 B4

mp.: 175° C. 434 B4

mp.: 170° C. 435 B4

mp.: 103° C. 436 B4

mp.: 151° C. 437 B4

(trans); mp.: 110° C. 438 B4

mp.: 150° C. 439 B4

mp.: 150° C. 440 B4

(cis) 441 B4

mp.: 166° C. 442 B4

mp.: 173° C. 443 B4

mp.: 208° C. 444 B4

mp.: 149° C. 445 B4

mp.: 133° C. 446 B3b

mp.: 150° C. 447 B3b

mp.: 165° C. 448 B3b

mp.: 147° C. 449 B3b

mp.: 154° C. 450 B3b

mp.: 157° C. 451 B4

mp.: 190° C. 452 B4

mp.: 187° C. 453 B3b

mp.: 200° C. 454 B3b

mp.: 160° C. 455 B3b

mp.: 139° C. 456 B3b

(A); mp.: 174° C. 457 B3b

(B); mp.: 160° C. 458 B3b

mp.: 184° C. 459 B4

— 460 B4

mp.: 134° C. 461 B4

(B); mp.: 156° C. 462 B4

mp.: 153° C. 463 B3b

mp.: 161° C. 464 B4

mp.: 135° C. 465 B4

mp.: 131° C. 466 B3b

.HCl(1:1); mp.: 206° C. 467 B3d

mp.: 142° C. 468 B4

.hydrate(1:1); mp.: 104° C. 469 B3b dimethylethyl

mp.: 104° C. 470 B3b

mp.: 161° C. 472 B3b

mp.: 144° C. 473 B4

mp.: 143° C. 474 B4

mp.: 196° C. 475 B4

mp.: 162° C. 476 B4

mp.: 171° C. 477 B4

mp.: 155° C. 478 B2 trimethylmethyl

mp.: 124° C. 479 B4

(A); mp.: 146° C. 480 B4

(B); mp.: 162° C. 481 B4

(A); mp.: 129° C. 482 B4

mp.: 115° C. 483 B2

mp.: 187° C. 484 B2

mp.: 162° C. 485 B4

(A); mp.: 130° C. 486 B4

(A); mp.: 124° C. 487 B4

(B); mp.: 128° C. 488 B4

mp.: 85° C. 489 B2

mp.: 150° C. 490 B4

(A); mp.: 117° C. 491 B2

mp.: 220° C. 492 B4

mp.: 136° C. 493 B2

mp.: 131° C. 494 B4

(A); mp.: 125° C. 495 B4

mp.: 135° C. 496 B4

mp.: 139° C. 497 B4

mp.: 127° C. 498 B4

mp.: 195° C. 499 B2

mp.: 201° C. 500 B3b

mp.: 143° C. 501 B3b

mp.: 137° C. 502 B2

mp.: 210° C. 503 B3d

mp.: 134° C. 504 B2

mp.: 163° C. 505 B4

mp.: 142° C. 506 B2

mp.: 139° C. 507 B4

mp.: 171° C. 512 B3b

— 523 B3b

—

TABLE 8 Co. Ex. no. no. Structure physical data 511 B11

— 514 B12

— 515 B13

— 524 B9a

mp.: 185° C. 471 B15

(E) 526 B14

.HCl(1:1) C. Pharmacological Example Signal Transduction at the Cloned Rat mGluR1 Receptor in CHO Cells

CHO cells expressing the mGluR1 receptor were plated in precoated black 96-well plates. The next day, the effect of the present compounds on glutamate-activated intracellular Ca²⁺ increase was evaluated in a fluorescent based assay. The cells were loaded with Fluo-3 AM, plates were incubated for 1 hour at room temperature in the dark, cells were washed and the present compounds were added onto the cells for 20 minutes. After this incubation time, the glutamate-induced Ca²⁺ rise was recorded for each well in function of time using the Fluorescent Image Plated Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices Inc.). Relative fluorescence units were recorded and average data graphs of quadruple wells were obtained. Concentration-response curves were constructed based on peak fluorescence (maximum signal between 1 and 90 seconds) for each concentration of tested compound. pIC₅₀ values are the—log values of the concentration of tested compounds resulting in 50% inhibition of the glutamated-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ rise.

The compounds according to the present invention exhibited a pIC₅₀ value of at least 5.

The compounds that are included in the Tables 1-8 exhibited a pIC₅₀ value of at least 6.

A particular group of compounds exhibited a pIC₅₀ value between 7 and 8. It concerns the compounds listed in Table 9. TABLE 9 Com. nr. pIC₅₀ 463 7.98 441 7.95 334 7.95 22 7.94 421 7.94 15 7.93 440 7.93 139 7.93 178 7.92 338 7.91 87 7.90 462 7.90 394 7.90 423 7.89 21 7.87 220 7.87 479 7.86 483 7.86 485 7.84 9 7.84 110 7.84 248 7.84 341 7.83 163 7.81 433 7.79 238 7.79 224 7.78 437 7.78 498 7.78 449 7.77 242 7.76 346 7.74 182 7.73 486 7.73 447 7.72 7 7.72 175 7.71 475 7.71 480 7.71 213 7.70 239 7.70 241 7.67 461 7.65 115 7.64 445 7.63 281 7.63 487 7.63 299 7.63 431 7.61 98 7.57 464 7.57 446 7.56 251 7.55 484 7.54 494 7.53 128 7.52 344 7.52 161 7.49 298 7.48 454 7.45 456 7.45 277 7.44 91 7.43 356 7.42 229 7.41 333 7.41 326 7.41 369 7.40 430 7.39 435 7.38 35 7.36 228 7.36 429 7.36 117 7.35 291 7.35 313 7.35 280 7.34 460 7.34 482 7.34 343 7.33 425 7.32 473 7.32 287 7.31 448 7.31 243 7.29 323 7.28 159 7.28 289 7.27 184 7.26 436 7.26 89 7.25 108 7.25 373 7.25 255 7.23 527 7.23 303 7.22 296 7.22 221 7.21 193 7.21 14 7.20 131 7.19 438 7.19 148 7.18 496 7.18 236 7.17 332 7.17 481 7.16 191 7.16 457 7.14 20 7.14 145 7.13 268 7.13 512 7.13 474 7.13 10 7.11 307 7.11 426 7.11 466 7.10 97 7.08 83 7.08 434 7.08 300 7.08 199 7.07 290 7.06 112 7.05 348 7.05 286 7.03 442 7.03 422 7.02 283 7.02 318 7.02 36 7.00 396 7.00

A particular group of compounds exhibited a pIC₅₀ value of at least 8. It concern the compounds listed in Table 10. TABLE 10 Comp. nr. Structure pIC50 416

8.587 27

8.527 174

8.49 506

8.48 25

8.45 4

8.4 19

8.38 429

8.38 424

8.355 176

8.33 210

8.315 114

8.28 488

8.27 504

8.27 477

8.25 432

8.237 214

8.233 465

8.145 135

8.14 420

8.135 292

8.13 427

8.115 208

8.095 419

8.065 455

8.055 418

8.045 497

8.025 439

8.023 237

8.01 499

8 Cold Allodynia Test in Rats with a Bennett Ligation.

Surgery:

Male SD rats, weighing 240-280 g at the time of surgery were used.

For surgery, the animals were anaesthetised with Thalamonal (1 ml; subcutane) and sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)). The common sciatic nerve of the left hindpaw was exposed at the level of the middle of the thigh by blunt dissection through the biceps femoris. Proximal to the sciatic's trifurcation, about 7 mm of nerve was freed and four loose ligatures with 4.0 chromic gut were placed around the sciatic nerve. Great care was taken to tie the ligatures such that the diameter of the nerve was barely constricted. After surgery, the animals received 1.25 mg/kg naloxone 1P.

Cold Plate Testing:

Cold plate testing was performed on a metal plate of 30×30 cm with transparent acrylic walls around it. The cold plate was cooled to 0.0 (±0.5) ° C. using a Julabo F25 cooler. For testing, the animal was placed on the cold plate and the duration of lifting of both the left and the right hindpaw was measured during 5 minutes. The difference in lifting time between the ligated and non-ligated paw was calculated.

Testing Procedure:

At least one week after the operation, animals were placed on the cold plate test and a pre-drug measurement was taken. Animals having a difference in lifting time >25 secondes between the ligated and the non-ligated paw were selected for drug testing. These selected animals were injected P with a compound of the present invention and were retested after 60 minutes (post drug test). The results obtained during the post drug test were expressed as a percentage of those of the predrug test.

The data were analysed in terms of all or none criterion (based on the results of control animals) with the limits being:

-   Inhibition: (post drug/pre drug)*100<40% -   Antagonism: (post-drug/pre-drug)*100<25%

Compound (27) showed antagonism at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight 

1. A compound of formula

an N-oxide form, a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, a quaternary amine or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein X represents O; C(R⁶)₂ with R⁶ being hydrogen, aryl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with amino or mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; S or N—R⁷ with R⁷ being amino or hydroxy; R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl; aryl; thienyl; quinolinyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl or cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety optionally may contain a double bond and wherein one carbon atom in the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety may be replaced by an oxygen atom or an NR⁸-moiety with R⁸ being hydrogen, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, halo, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, amino, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylamino, halo, piperazinyl, pyridinyl, morpholinyl, thienyl or a bivalent radical of formula —O—, —O—CH₂—O or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—; or a radical of formula (a-1)

wherein Z₁ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂; Z₂ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3; and wherein each hydrogen atom in the phenyl ring independently may optionally be replaced by halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl; or X and R¹ may be taken together with the carbon atom to which X and R¹ are attached to form a radical of formula (b-1), (b-2) or (b-3);

R³ represents hydrogen; halo; hydroxy; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; morpholinylC₁₋₆alkyl or piperidinylC₁₋₆alkyl; R⁴ represents hydrogen; halo; hydroxy; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; morpholinylC₁₋₆alkyl or piperidinylC₁₋₆alkyl; or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; R⁵ represents hydrogen; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl; piperidinyl; oxo-thienyl; tetrahydrothienyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with a radical C(═O)NR_(x)R_(y) in which R_(x) and R_(y), each independently are hydrogen, cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, furanyl, pyrrolidinyl, benzylthio, pyridinyl, pyrrolyl or thienyl; Y represents O or S; or Y and R⁵ may be taken together to form ═Y—R⁵—which represents a radical of formula —CH═N—N═  (c-1); —N═N—N═  (c-2); or —N—CH═CH—  (c-3); aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenyloxy, nitro, amino, thio, C₁₋₆alkylthio, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano, —CO—R¹², —CO—OR¹³, —NR¹³SO₂R¹², —SO₂—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NR¹³C(O)R¹², —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —SOR¹², —SO₂R¹²; wherein each R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ independently represent C₁₋₆alkyl; cycloC₃₋₆alkyl; phenyl; phenyl substituted with halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl; and when the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to another position than the 7 or 8 position, then said 7 and 8 position may be substituted with R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ wherein either one or both of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH—.
 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X represents O; C(R⁶)₂ with R⁶ being hydrogen or aryl; or N—R⁷ with R⁷ being amino or hydroxy; R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, aryl; thienyl; quinolinyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl or (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety optionally may contain a double bond and wherein one carbon atom in the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety may be replaced by an oxygen atom or an NR⁸-moiety with R⁸ being benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, halo, aryl, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylamino, halo, piperazinyl, pyridinyl, morpholinyl, thienyl or a bivalent radical of formula —O— or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—; or a radical of formula (a-1)

wherein Z₁ is a single covalent bond, O or CH₂; Z₂ is a single covalent bond, O or CH₂; n is an integer of 0, 1, or 2; and wherein each hydrogen atom in the phenyl ring independently may optionally be replaced by halo or hydroxy; or X and R¹ may be taken together with the carbon atom to which X and R¹ are attached to form a radical of formula (b-1), (b-2) or (b-3);

R³ and R⁴ each independently represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; R⁵ represents hydrogen; piperidinyl; oxo-thienyl; tetrahydrothienyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with a radical C(═O)NR_(x)R_(y), in which R_(x) and R_(y), each independently are hydrogen, cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; Y represents O or S; or Y and R⁵ may be taken together to form ═Y—R⁵— which represents a radical of formula —CH═N—N═  (c-1); or —N═N—N═  (c-2); aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenyloxy, mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino and cyano; and when the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to another position than the 7 or 8 position, then said 7 and 8 position may be substituted with R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ wherein either one or both of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ represents C₁₋₆alkyl or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH—.
 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X represents O; R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl or (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, halo or thienyl; R³ and R⁴ each independently represent hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl; or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; R⁵ represents hydrogen; Y represents O; and aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted with halo.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1, having the formula:

5-7. (canceled)
 8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in 4 claim
 1. 9. A process of preparing a composition as claimed in claim 8, comprising combining a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a therapeutically effective amount of said compound.
 10. (canceled)
 11. A method of antagonizing a glutamate receptor in a patient, comprising administering a compound according to claim 1 to said patient.
 12. The method of claim 11 for treating or preventing pain, hyperalgesia, or allodynia in said patient.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the pain is neuropathic or inflammatory pain.
 14. A process of preparing a compound of formula (I-B) as claimed in claim 1, comprising a) oxidizing an intermediate of formula (II) in the presence of a suitable oxidizing agent

 with Q representing the quinolinone or quinoline-2-thione moiety of a compound of formula (I-B); or b) reacting an intermediate of formula (III) with an intermediate of formula (IV)

 with Q representing the quinolinone or quinoline-2-thione moiety of a compound of formula (I-B) and W₁ being a suitable leaving group; or c) reacting an intermediate of formula (V) with an intermediate of formula (IV)

 with Q representing the quinolinone or quinoline-2-thione moiety of a compound of formula (I-B) and W₁ being a suitable leaving group; or d) reacting an intermediate of formula (VI) with an intermediate of formula (VII) in the presence of a suitable acid

 with R^(1a) being defined as R¹ provided that R¹ is linked to the carbonyl moiety via a oxygen atom and Q representing the quinolinone or quinoline-2-thione moiety of a compound of formula (I-B); or e) reacting an intermediate of formula (VIII) in the presence of a suitable acid

and, optionally, interconverting a first compound of formula (I-B) to yield a second compound of formula (I-B); and further, optionally, converting the compounds of formula (I-B) into a therapeutically active non-toxic acid addition salt by treatment with an acid, or converting the acid addition salt form into the free base by treatment with alkali; and, optionally, preparing stereochemically isomeric forms, quaternary amines or N-oxide forms thereof.
 15. A method of antagonizing a glutamate receptor in a patient, comprising administering to said patient a compound of formula

an N-oxide form, a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, a quaternary amine or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein X represents O; C(R⁶)₂ with R⁶ being hydrogen, aryl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with amino or mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; S or N—R⁷ with R⁷ being amino or hydroxy; R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl; aryl; thienyl; quinolinyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl or (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety optionally may contain a double bond and wherein one carbon atom in the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety may be replaced by an oxygen atom or an NR⁸-moiety with R⁸ being hydrogen, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, halo, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, amino, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylamino, halo, piperazinyl, pyridinyl, morpholinyl, thienyl or a bivalent radical of formula —O—, —O—CH₂—O or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—O or a radical of formula (a-1)

wherein Z₁ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂; Z₂ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3; and wherein each hydrogen atom in the phenyl ring independently may optionally be replaced by halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl; or X and R¹ may be taken together with the carbon atom to which X and R¹ are attached to form a radical of formula (b-1), (b-2) or (b-3);

R² represents hydrogen; halo; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkylthio; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkyl; arylC₂₋₆alkynyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkylaminoC₁₋₆alkyl; aminocarbonyl optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or pyridinylC₁₋₆alkyl; a heterocycle selected from thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl and piperazinyl, optionally N-substituted with C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dioxanyl or dithianyl; a radical —NH—C(═O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, thienyl, pyridinyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkylthio, benzylthio, pyridinylthio or pyrimidinylthio; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl; cyclohexenyl; amino; arylcycloC₃₋₁₂alkylamino; mono-or-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl)amino; mono-or di(C₂₋₆alkenyl)amino; mono- or di(arylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or diarylamino; arylC₂₋₆alkenyl; furanylC₂₋₆alkenyl; piperididinyl; piperazinyl; indolyl; furyl; benzofuryl; tetrahydrofuryl; indenyl; adamantyl; pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkylthio or a radical of formula (a-1);  a sulfonamid —NH—SO₂—R¹⁰ wherein R¹⁰ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, mono- or polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₂₋₆alkenyl, aryl, quinolinyl, isoxazolyl or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; R³ represents hydrogen; halo; hydroxy; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; morpholinylC₁₋₆alkyl or piperidinylC₁₋₆alkyl; R⁴ represents C₁₋₆alkyloxy or amino; or R² and R³ may be taken together to form —R²—R³—, which represents a bivalent radical of formula —(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, —(CH₂)₆—, —CH═CH—CH═CH—, -Z₄-CH═CH—, —CH═CH-Z₄-, -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂-Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-, -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂-Z₄-CH₂— or —CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-, with Z₄ being O, S, SO₂ or NR wherein R¹¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; and wherein each bivalent radical is optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl; or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenyloxy, nitro, amino, thio, C₁₋₆alkylthio, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano, —CO—R¹², —CO—OR¹³, —NR¹³SO₂R¹², —SO₂—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NR¹³C(O)R¹², —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —SOR¹², —SO₂R¹²; wherein each R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ independently represent C₁₋₆alkyl; cycloC₃₋₆alkyl; phenyl; phenyl substituted with halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl; and when the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to another position than the 7 or 8 position, then said 7 and 8 position may be substituted with R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ wherein either one or both of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH—.
 16. The method of claim 15 for treating or preventing pain, hyperalgesia, or allodynia in said patient.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the pain is neuropathic or inflammatory pain.
 18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula

an N-oxide form, a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, a quaternary amine or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein X represents O; C(R⁶)₂ with R⁶ being hydrogen, aryl or C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with amino or mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; S or N—R⁷ with R⁷ being amino or hydroxy; R¹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl; aryl; thienyl; quinolinyl; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl or (cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl)C₁₋₆alkyl, wherein the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety optionally may contain a double bond and wherein one carbon atom in the cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl moiety may be replaced by an oxygen atom or an NR⁸-moiety with R⁸ being hydrogen, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; wherein one or more hydrogen atoms in a C₁₋₆alkyl-moiety or in a cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl-moiety optionally may be replaced by C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, halo, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, amino, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylamino, halo, piperazinyl, pyridinyl, morpholinyl, thienyl or a bivalent radical of formula —O—, —O—CH₂—O or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O—; or a radical of formula (a-1)

wherein Z, is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂; Z₂ is a single covalent bond, O, NH or CH₂; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3; and wherein each hydrogen atom in the phenyl ring independently may optionally be replaced by halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl; or X and R¹ may be taken together with the carbon atom to which X and R¹ are attached to form a radical of formula (b-1), (b-2) or (b-3);

R² represents hydrogen; halo; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkylthio; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkyl; arylC₂₋₆alkynyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkylaminoC₁₋₆alkyl; aminocarbonyl optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl or pyridinylC₁₋₆alkyl; a heterocycle selected from thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl and piperazinyl, optionally N-substituted with C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dioxanyl or dithianyl; a radical —NH—C(═O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ represents C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted with cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, thienyl, pyridinyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₁₋₆alkylthio, benzylthio, pyridinylthio or pyrimidinylthio; cycloC₃₋₁₂alkyl; cyclohexenyl; amino; arylcycloC₃₋₁₂alkylamino; mono-or-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl)amino; mono-or di(C₂₋₆alkenyl)amino; mono- or di(arylC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or diarylamino; arylC₂₋₆alkenyl; furanylC₂₋₆alkenyl; piperididinyl; piperazinyl; indolyl; furyl; benzofuryl; tetrahydrofuryl; indenyl; adamantyl; pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; aryl; arylC₁₋₆alkylthio or a radical of formula (a-1);  a sulfonamid —NH—SO₂—R¹⁰ wherein R¹⁰ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, mono- or polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₂₋₆alkenyl, aryl, quinolinyl, isoxazolyl or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; R³ represents hydrogen; halo; hydroxy; cyano; C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxy; C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl; C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; C₂₋₆alkenyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkenyl; C₂₋₆alkynyl; hydroxyC₂₋₆alkynyl; tri(C₁₋₆alkyl)silaneC₂₋₆alkynyl; amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono- or di(C₁₋₆alkylthioC₁₋₆alkyl)amino; aryl; morpholinylC₁₋₆alkyl or piperidinylC₁₋₆alkyl; R⁴ represents C₁₋₆alkyloxy or amino; or R² and R³ may be taken together to form —R²—R³—, which represents a bivalent radical of formula —(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, —(CH₂)₆—, —CH═CH—CH═CH—, -Z₄-CH═CH—, —CH═CH-Z₄-, -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂-Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-, -Z₄-CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂-Z₄-CH₂— or —CH₂—CH₂-Z₄-, with Z₄ being O, S, SO₂ or NR¹¹ wherein R¹¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, benzyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; and wherein each bivalent radical is optionally substituted with C₁₋₆alkyl; or R³ and R⁴ may be taken together to form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—; aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenyloxy, nitro, amino, thio, C₁₋₆alkylthio, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino; mono-or di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano, —CO—R¹², —CO—OR¹³, —NR¹³SO₂R¹², —SO₂—NR¹³R¹⁴, —NR¹³C(O)R¹², —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —SOR¹², —SO₂R¹²; wherein each R¹², R¹³ and R¹⁴ independently represent C₁₋₆alkyl; cycloC₃₋₆alkyl; phenyl; phenyl substituted with halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, haloC₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl; and when the R¹—C(═X) moiety is linked to another position than the 7 or 8 position, then said 7 and 8 position may be substituted with R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ wherein either one or both of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ represents C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy or R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ taken together may form a bivalent radical of formula —CH═CH—CH═CH—.
 19. A process of preparing a composition as claimed in claim 18, comprising combining a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a therapeutically effective amount of said compound. 